First and Goal: Teamwork
Karen Jacobs, Ed.D., OTR/L, CPE, FAOTA
Clinical Professor
Program Director, Distance Education
Post-professional
Occupational Therapy Programs
1
Lost at Sea
You are adrift on a private yacht in the South
Pacific. As a consequence of a fire of unknown origin,
much of the yacht and it contents have been
destroyed. The yacht is now slowly sinking. Your
location is unclear because of the destruction of
critical navigational equipment and because you &
the crew were distracted trying to bring the fire
under control. Your best estimate is that you are
approximately one thousand miles south-southwest
of the nearest land
(Paul M. Nemiroff & William A. Pasmore)
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Lost at Sea
1. Sextant (tables & chronometer)
2. Shaving mirror
3. Five-gallon can of water
4. Mosquito netting
5. One case of US Army C rations
6. Maps of the Pacific Ocean
7. Seat cushion (flotation device)
8. Two-gallon can of oil-gas mixture
9. Small transistor
10. Shark repellent
11. 20 square feet of opaque plastic
12. One quart of 160-proof rum
13. 15 feet of nylon rope
14. 2 boxes of chocolate bars
15. Fishing kit
(Paul M. Nemiroff & William A. Pasmore)
Advantages of Working in
Teams
Better & new ideas; decisions
Higher quality input
Involvement of everyone in the process
Increased ownership & buy-in
Better end results
Widens the circle of communication
Increased learning & understanding
Sense of security
Personal relationships
Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice
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Teams
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Teams
Interprofessional education
Interprofessional practice
Collaboration
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Framework for Action on
Interprofessional Education
& Collaborative Practice
AOTA’s Centennial Vision
“We envision that occupational therapy is
a powerful, widely recognized, science
driven, and evidence- based profession
with a globally connected and diverse
workforce meeting society’s occupational
needs.”
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Team
“…is a group of people who are
mutually dependent on one
another to achieve a common
goal.”
Source: The Pfeiffer Book of Successful Team-Building Tools
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Team Development Model
Interpersonal Relationships
Rubin, Plovnick, and Fry, Task Oriented Team Development, 1975.
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Interpersonal Relationships
 These are important! Take the time to get to
know one another.
 But remember:
 When team members can't get along it is
usually because of unresolved issues
regarding goals, roles, & procedures.
 Team members don't have to be friends or
even like each other to work well together.
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Team Development Model
Procedures
Interpersonal Relationships
Rubin, Plovnick, and Fry, Task Oriented Team Development, 1975.
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Procedures
• Aim at consistent preparation and
attendance.
• Plan on more multimedia
communication (Wiki, Skype, e-mail).
• Give more than “feedback;” focus on
perspectives and new ideas.
• Focus on the solutions, not the
problems.
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Team Development Model
Roles
Procedures
Interpersonal Relationships
Rubin, Plovnick, and Fry, Task Oriented Team Development, 1975.
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Roles
Formal leader
Timekeeper
Note-taker
Discussion leader
Clarifier
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Team Development Model
Goals
Roles
Procedures
Interpersonal Relationships
Rubin, Plovnick, and Fry, Task Oriented Team Development, 1975.
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Goals
Both team and individual goals are
important!
Should be:
•Specific
•Measurable
•Stated in concrete terms
•Challenging and urgent
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Interprofessional education
Interprofessional education occurs
when students from two or more
professions learn about, from and
with each other to enable effective
collaboration and improve health
outcomes.
collaborative practice-ready
Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice
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Interprofessional education
“... is an opportunity to not only change the
way that we think about educating future
health workers, but is an opportunity to step
back and reconsider the traditional means of
healthcare delivery. I think that what we’re
talking about is not just a change in
educational practices, but a change in the
culture of medicine and health-care.”
Student Leader, WHO
Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice
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Interprofessional education
& collaborative practice
“…can positively contribute to some
of the world’s most urgent health
challenges.”
Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice
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Interprofessional collaboration
is a key factor in initiatives
designed to increase the
effectiveness of health services
currently offered to the public
Shaw, Walker & Hogue, 2008
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Mechanisms
Use supportive management practices
Identify and support champions
Update, renew, and revise existing
curricula
Support appropriate legislation that
eliminates barriers to collaborative
practice
Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice
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Collaborative practice
Access to and coordination of healthservices
Appropriate use of professional resources
Health outcomes for people with chronic
diseases
Client care and safety
Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice
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Collaborative practice
Total client complications
Length of hospital stay
Tension and conflict among caregivers
Staff turnover
Hospital admissions
Clinical error rates
Mortality rates
Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice
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Champions
1. Betsey Gray, MSW, LICSW & Nancy
MacRae, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA
2. Lindsay Eales, BScOT(c)
3. Terry Olivas De la O, COTA
4. OT4OT
5. Captain Erik Johnson, MS, OTR/L
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Champions #1
Betsey Gray, MSW, LICSW, Clinical
Associate Professor, School of Social Work
Nancy MacRae, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA,
Associate Professor, Occupational Therapy
Department
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The Strategies to Nurture
Aging People (SNAP)
Establish a sustainable
interprofessional academiccommunity program for
independently living seniors
Shared by Nancy MacRae
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Student Program Objectives
Interprofessional education
One’s own profession & know how to
explain it to others
Basic health literacy needs
Group development & dynamics
Leadership/responsibilities
Shared by Nancy MacRae
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Student Comment
“We really listened to each other’s concerns and
tried to make it work – so that every one was
satisfied with the final outcome.
I have learned a ton about myself and myself
as a member of a group, as well as the
dynamics of group work.
I have noticed after being a part of other
interdisciplinary teams that every group is
unique in their own way and I am interested to
see how this group will form”.
Shared by Nancy MacRae
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Champions #2
Shared by Lindsay Eales, BScOT(c)
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"I have been dancing with iDance for two
years now and really love it. Coming to
dance every week and dancing with the
many friends that I have made makes me
feel free. This is the one time during the
week that I can feel free to be "me“.
"At iDANCE, I am always welcome, I don't
have to hide my identity, I can just be
myself when dancing in the group. To be a
dancer you must love yourself and I have
learned how through iDANCE. The trust in
this group is the best trust I ever had in
life."
Shared by Lindsay Eales, BScOT(c)
iDance as an
Interprofessional Team
Dignity
Respect
Safe space
Creative adjustments
Flexibility
Self & others
Personal responsibility and ownership
Shared by Lindsay Eales, BScOT(c)
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Champions #3
Terry Olivas De la O, COTA
Family Success by
Design, Inc. (FSbD)
was created as a collaborative
community-based organization
with a mission to improve the
lives of families and children.
http://www.familysuccessbydesign.org/about/
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Champions #4
OT4OT
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•
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•
•
•
•
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Merrolee Penman
Anita Hamilton
Sarah Bodell
Will Wade
Susan Burwash
Claire Hayward
Angela Hook
Rashid Kashani
Karen Jacobs
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http://ot4ot.weebly.com/world-ot-day-schedule.html
Champions #5
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http://web.me.com/johnsonvillemelee/armyOTguy.com/Welcome.html
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Characteristics of effective
interprofessional teams
 Well-defined purpose
 Goals linking purpose and outcomes of the team
 Clear expectations of each person’s role and
responsibilities
 Communicating effectively
 Establishing regular patterns of communication
 Generating team cohesion
 Displaying high levels of mutual respect
Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice
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Together
Everyone
Achieves
More
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Lost at Sea
1. Shaving mirror
2. Two-gallon can of oil-gas mixture
3. Five-gallon can of water
4. One case of US Army C rations
5. 20 square feet of opaque plastic
6. 2 boxes of chocolate bars
7. Fishing kit
8. 15 feet of nylon rope
9. Seat cushion (flotation device)
10. Shark repellent
11. One quart of 160-proof rum
12. Small transistor
13. Maps of the Pacific Ocean
14. Mosquito netting
(Paul M. Nemiroff & William A. Pasmore)
15. Sextant
Thank you!
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