Dr. Irina Stobbe,
Berlin
MINES
D - 10179 Berlin, Annenstr. 22 - VRN 24942NZ
WgM.eV@gmx.net
www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de
Knowledge Management – In Theory and in Practice
MINES
Introduction – Who we are
• A group of scientists of DLR, the „German NASA“, and their friends
– experts in Marketing, Public Relation, Informatics and Knowledge
Management, …
• „We can find water on Mars – why not landmines in affected areas?“
• We want to encourage people all over the world
– to learn about, to organise, to develop reliable detecting devices,
– to develop your own social networks
• Lecturer: Irina Stobbe, mathematician, Ph.D. in theoretical
mechanics, experience in informatics, private consultant, teacher at
the University of Applied Sciences - FHTW - Berlin
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MINES
•
•
•
•
Outline / Memory
Knowledge Management
What role plays knowledge
Arguments, why organisations do that (expectations)
Topics and framework
• Project in practice:
Landmine Detection Technologies Wiki
WgM.eV@gmx.net
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MINES
Knowledge
• Education is the basis for sustainable development
(economical, technical, political, social )
• Development is the basis for welfare
• Most businesses benefit from a higher level of
understanding of economy, customers, environment and
politics
• Sustainability is possible only by understanding on an
advanced level
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MINES
Sharing the Knowledge
• Culturally based: common knowledge and knowledge for
the sake of domination, e.g.
– Parents educate their children
– Governmental and religious institutions provide school systems,
colleges, institutes, universities
– Enterprises educate their workers (private colleges, institutes,
universities )
– Private or common learning
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MINES
•
Knowledge - a disambiguation
Knowledge is the structured information
inside a system of interrelations
– Data has a syntax
– Information has a context
– Knowledge consists of interrelated
information and interpretation
•
•
•
Knowledge is the precondition for
reasonable and sensible doing/acting
Perceptions follows knowledge, if the
relevance of the information for solving a
problem is given.
Action happens, if you begin to solve the
problem
perception
, action
knowledge
information
data
characters
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MINES
Explicit knowledge
•
•
•
Knowledge
classification
Tacit knowledge,
implicit knowledge
•
Exists in a well
documented form
(mostly in databases
or books)
•
Formulation in at
least one language
•
Nameable
•
Acquisition of k.
happens through
experience and
practice
Subconscious or
latent knowledge
Process of cognition
is not describable
Difficult to access
Commons Wikipedia, 12/2007
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MINES
Knowledge management
• Management theory in organisations: manage the
resource „knowledge“
• Understand and control the ways in which knowledge is
created, used, shared within organisations
• Objectives: to ensure that the right information is
delivered to the right person just in time, in order to take
the most appropriate decision.
 practical approach
.
WgM.eV@gmx.net
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MINES
Modern topics in research
• Knowledge balance: collect all „debits and credits“ or
„assets and liabilities“ as an addition to the balance
sheet
• „human capital“
• Mostly for Basel II (European credit framework) or the
American credit frameworks.
• Challenge: find out the Top-ten key indicators, which
make the organisational knowledge countable.
WgM.eV@gmx.net
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MINES
Modern topics in research (II)
• Implicit, tacit knowledge: how to gain?
• Transfer of tacit knowledge, if there is now awareness
• Find out forms and conditions to do that
WgM.eV@gmx.net
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Tacit knowledge
Socialisation
Externalisation
Internalisation
Combination
Explicit knowledge
• Conversion of internalized tacit
knowledge into explicit codified
knowledge (SECI)
• Conversion of knowledge of an
individual to knowledge of the
organisation
Tacit knowledge
MINES
Sharing knowledge
Explicit knowledge
SECI model
•Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H. (1995), The Knowledge-Creating Company, New York: Oxford University Press.
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MINES
• Analysing the
experience of a
great number of
knowledge experts
from organisations
• Over the lifecycle of
knowledge
• All topics are
connected to each
other
• How to structure KM
projects?
„Bricks“ of the knowledge
management
Knowledge
objectives
Feedback
Knowledge
Identification
Knowledge
evaluation
Knowledge
usage
Knowledge
acquisition
Knowledge
conservation
Knowledge
development
Knowledge
distribution
Source: „Bausteine des Wissensmanagements“, Probst, Raub, Romhardt, 1997
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Practical approach
MINES
Use the steps from quality management: Plan – Do – Check - Act cycle
(PDCA) Acting follows each line, realising the trained processes
Acting with concept
Knowledge
base
Knowledge
transfer
Knowledge
development
Knowledge
usage
Plan: Requirement
analysis
What kind of k.
?
(Identification)
From which
sources? To
whom?
Where new k. will
develop?
Which processes
require what
details
Do: Realisation
Select a
database
Content
collection and
transfer, glossary
Regular
Workshops,
glossary
Knowledge
networks, Solution
development
Do: Training,
Process integration
AdministratorTraining
Administrator,
translators, new
authors
Authors, users,
translators
User related
processes,
decision making
Check:
Evaluation
All kinds of k.
available?
All required data
achievable?
New knowledge
develops ?
Is the knowledge
usable?
WgM.eV@gmx.net
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MINES
D - 10179 Berlin, Annenstr. 22 - VRN 24942NZ
WgM.eV@gmx.net
www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de
Knowledge Management in practice:
Wiki Project „Landmine Detection Technologies“ in
Khmer Language
MINES
Wiki Project „Landmine
Detection Technologies“
• Objective: Share the innovative knowledge about landmine
detection technologies with people, who need this knowledge and
experience to develop, build and test specialised detection methods
(and finally use it)
• Not only the metal detector, the prodder or the dog,
but technologies from the edge of science (space research,
information technologies…) – with higher confidence – should be
used in combined devices, adapted to the individual environmental
situation.
• To make this happens we need educated, experienced people, from
laity to the scientific staff!
• Share knowledge with people in landmine affected areas
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MINES
Topics
• Collect reliable, scientific knowledge and experience on
detection technologies
• Develop networks, which will collect and share the
knowledge
• Develop and implement a simulation tool (software) to
interpret and test various methods under different
conditions before an expensive development of devices
takes place
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MINES
Wiki – Exchange Platform
• MediaWiki is an Open Source Software (used in
www.wikipedia.org)
• Content Management System is open for authors
– Usually for „spammers“ too
– Quality management is necessary
• Access management for registered users
– On Top: Bureaucrat = can lock/unlock pages
– Sysop = can unclose IP-numbers from being an author, follow
the spamming sources
– Authors: can contribute on open pages
– In name spaces: Member related pages (internals)
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MINES
•
•
•
Licensing – Basis of Trust
Free Usage of Open Source Documents, not crossing the rights of others
Free transfer of free knowledge: Just name of the author and the source
Information with a binding character:
– Knowledge must be based on trustable sources.
– Authors should be known and so you can send an email to the author.
– Translations should be proofed by experts.
•
How to solve the conflict: Each expert should be able to add value, but a
small organisation should control the access!
– Requires more than one administrator in each country and a living network
between them.
– Requires strict rules how to handle misuse or routine questions.
WgM.eV@gmx.net
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MINES
•
Step “Plan”: Knowledge Base
Scientific methods and technologies
– Detection methods (more than twenty different methods are known!)
– Properties of mines, of materials and physical behaviour over the time (differs from
country to country)
– Relevant properties of environment: Soil, plant cover, animals, weather, climate,...
– First Source: RAND
•
Experience of deminers, expert opinion:
– Behaviour of detection equipment, main errors, etc.
– Dependence of weather, light, season, moisture and long term weathering
– Behaviour of demining staff, “human factor”, …
•
Networks
–
–
–
–
Expertise from organizations, governmental and non-governmental
Scientific expertise: universities, research & development, projects
Developers of different (electronic and non-electronic) devices
Deminers, Social staff, …
WgM.eV@gmx.net
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MINES
Step “Do.1”: Categorization
• Categories help to organize the
material and to structure it
(Semantic net: innovative
challenge)
• Categories help to link the
information entries
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Methods
Mine types
Environment
Simulation
Experience
Network
Knowledge (as generic term)
Have significant
detection rate for
mine type
method
A
B
Changes under
conditions
simulate
environment
simulation
Require
information
about
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MINES
Step “Do.2”: Processes
The main Actors of the knowledge management system and their processes:
–
Authors (Scientists, Experts)
•
•
–
Translators
•
•
–
Actors
Acquire partners and sponsors
Looking for more scientists
Looking for new methods
Coordinate with other organisations
Publish links between partners
Public Relations actors
•
•
•
–
Translate from and into other languages
Proof the translation, have a discourse on new scientific terms
Net workers
•
•
•
•
•
–
Public content: Methods, Mine types, Simulation methods
Develop the projects, step by step (vision: simulation tool, development of devices)
Broadcasting of News and Events
Looking for sponsors and projects
Create presentations, publications, messages
Task
Business / Administration
•
•
Secure the existence and the cooperation inside of the organisation
Manage the material and financial resources
WgM.eV@gmx.net
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MINES
Step “Do.3”: Training
• Train two students from ITC as Mediawiki administrators
– Implement Mediawiki software on a Linux / Apache / MySQL /
PHP server
– Have Maintenance routines (Data security, updates / upgrades,
archives)
– Fulfil the User rights management
– Enable to support other users / authors
• Set up a network for translation and a glossary –
Roundtable on Education for Landmine
Detection Technologies
WgM.eV@gmx.net
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MINES
Step “Check.1”: Challenges
• Networking online und face-to-face
– Adapted to situation and culture: In most cases a face-to-face situation
help to solve many problems
• Mass and Class – The Quality Question
– Decision about quality criteria is needed, not to limit the contribution of
experienced authors
– Motivation
• Conflicts due to competition on the market
– International deminers could be afraid of decreasing budgets
– Developers of devices for business: They might limit their contribution to
an open source database (“knowledge for domination”)
– Conflicts due to the resemblance to military sciences: They use the same
methods, but with other objectives.
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MINES
Step “Check.2”: Challenges
• Financing of scientific or educational projects
– Rotary International and Mine-Ex Rotary collect money
for education
– Science against mines give money for education and wiki serving
– Help for helping yourself:
Support of the development of regional
landmine detection businesses
WgM.eV@gmx.net
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MINES
Step “Act”: Now it is your task
• Help to develop Khmer wikipedia
http://km. Wikipedia.org
–
–
–
–
–
–
Which kind of knowledge you could contribute? Prepare an article!
Create a personal account
Learn, how to create and edit articles, upload common images and media
Link your article with others
Follow the interaction of other users-wikipedians
Continue again from beginning
• Help to develop Khmer Landmine Detection Technologies Wiki
and disseminate it to a broad audience (Transfer)
• Join the ITC course about Detection Technologies (later)
WgM.eV@gmx.net
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MINES
Next lines: Your challenge !
• Transfer, development and usage of knowledge:
– Get more knowledge about which kind of technologies is useful
for landmine detection in your environment
and make your decision about what is worth to develop further
• Work in networks
– to solve complex problems,
– to learn from the experience of others,
– to help in your home area to make your country free of tragic
incidents and to make it useable for farming and business,
– to add and transfer your knowledge into other affected countries.
• Have success and fun!
WgM.eV@gmx.net
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MINES
Landmine Detection
Technologies Wiki in
Khmer language
Thank you for your attention
D - 10179 Berlin, Annenstr. 22 - VRN 24942NZ
WgM.eV@gmx.net
www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de
www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de,
WgM.eV@gmx.net
www.wiki-gegen-minen.de,
www.wiki-against-mines.org