Rett Syndrome
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Not Otherwise Specified (PDDNOS)
Ivette, Izumi, Richard
Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Rett Syndrome: Normal development for five
months to four years, followed by regression
and intellectual disabilities (mental
retardation); much more prevalent in females
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder: Normal
development for at least two and up to 10
years, followed by significant loss of skills:
much more prevalent in males
Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not
Otherwise Specified: persons who display
behaviors typical of autism but to a lesser
degree and/or with an onset later than three
years of age
RS: Diagnostic Criteria (DSM4-TR)
1.apparently normal prenatal and perinatal history
2.psychomotor development largely normal through the
first six months or may be delayed from birth
3.normal head circumference at birth
4.postnatal deceleration of head growth in the majority
of patients
5.loss of achieved purposeful hand skill between ages
six months and 2.5 years
6.stereotypic hand movements such as hand
wringing/squeezing, clapping/tapping, mouthing and
washing/rubbing automatisms
7.emerging social withdrawal, communication
dysfunction, loss of learned words, and cognitive
impairment
8.impaired (dyspraxic) or failing locomotion
RS: Causes&Prevalence
Causes
-Mutation in the MECP2 gene
-Mutation in other parts of gene
Prevalence
-1 in 15,000 live births
-Much more in females
CDD: Diagnostic Criteria (DSM4-TR)
A. Apparently normal development for at least the first 2 years after birth
as manifested by the presence of age-appropriate verbal and nonverbal
communication, social relationships, play, and adaptive behavior.
B. Clinically significant loss of previously acquired skills (before age 10
years) in at least two of the following areas:
1.expressive or receptive language
2.social skills or adaptive behavior
3.bowel or bladder control
4.play
5.motor skills
C. Abnormalities of functioning in at least two of the following areas:
1.qualitative impairment in social interaction
2.qualitative impairments in communication
3.restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interest,
and activities, including motor stereotypes and mannerisms
D. The disturbance is not better accounted for by another specific
Pervasive Developmental Disorder or by Schizophrenia
CCD: Causes&Prevalence
Causes
Unknown but it has been linked to
neurological problems
Prevalence
-1 in 50,000 live births
-Much more in males
PDD-NOS: Diagnostic Criteria (DSM4-TR)
This category should be used when there is a
severe and pervasive impairment in the
development of reciprocal social interaction
associated with impairment in either verbal or
nonverbal communication skills or with the
presence of stereotyped behavior, interests, and
activities, but the criteria are not met for a
specific Pervasive Developmental Disorder,
Schizophrenia, Schizotypal Personality Disorder,
or Avoidant Personality Disorder. For example,
this category includes "atypical autism" presentations that do not meet the criteria for
Autistic Disorder because of late age at onset,
atypical symptomatology, or subthreshold
symptomatology, or all of these.
PDD-NOS : Causes&Prevalence
Causes
Unknown but it has been linked to abnormalities of
brain structure and function
Prevalence
-6-14 per 10,000 children younger than 10 years
-More in males
Strategies for students with
Rett Syndrome
http://www.lburkhart.com/hand_Rett_Syn
drome_7_07.pdf
References
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/rett/detail
_rett.htm
http://www.rettsyndrome.org
http://www.asaoakland.org/pdd_nos.htm
http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayA
bstract?fromPage=online&aid=255439
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/overview_
diagnostic_criteria.htm
http://www.lburkhart.com/hand_Rett_Syndrome_
7_07.pdf