A Software Process OPL for
ISO SC7 Standards
Fabiano B. Ruy
Ricardo A. Falbo
Monalessa P. Barcellos
Ontology & Conceptual
Modeling Research Group
Federal University of Espírito Santo (Brazil)
Ontologias para Engenharia de Software
PPGI/UFES - October, 2014
Agenda

Introduction

Ontology Pattern Languages

An OPL for ISO Software Processes (ISP-OPL)


The Language

ISP-OPL Patterns
Applying ISP-OPL


Requirement Process Ontology
Final Considerations
Motivation

Standards Harmonization

Many standards and models


They are developed by different organizations or
groups.


ISO/IEC 12207, ISO/IEC 29110, ISO 9001, CMMI, MPS.BR
etc.
They are not created under the same base of terms, concepts
and semantics.
When used in combination  Interoperability problems.
Motivation

ISO Study Group

Standards harmonization initiative

Proposal: Ontological Framework

DEO
DEO
DEO: Definitional Elements Ontology

CDO: Configured Definitional Ontology

SDO: Standards Domain Ontology
CDO
for WG A
CDOs
CDO
for WG B
…
CDO
for FoS 1
CDO
for FoS 2
…
CDO
for Std 1

CDO
for Std 2
Is there a good solution for ontology derivation?
Ontology Pattern Languages

Advantages expected of using OPLs for deriving
compatible ontologies.

Modularity and Reuse

Productivity

Consistency

Interoperability (compatibility of the resulting models)
ISP-OPL
ISO-based Software Process OPL

Characteristics

Based on the Ontological Analysis of ISO/IEC 24744
(in the light of UFO)

Reusing SP-OPL and E-OPL patterns

Purpose: to propose a sound solution for the derivation
of ontologies in the ISO harmonization initiative.
ISP-OPL
ISO-based Software Process OPL

Scope

Work Units


Human Resources


Regarding the composition of work units and its application
contexts.
Dealing with how people are organized in organizations and
teams, involved in projects, allocated to tasks, and perform
work units.
Work Products

Representing the nature and composition of work products and
how they are handled in work units.
ISP-OPL Patterns
ID
Name
Intent
Work Units
WUD
Work Unit Dependence
Represents the dependences between work units.
Establishes the composition of work units in terms of
processes and tasks.
PPD
Project Process Definition Defines the project of a defined process.
Defines the time boundary for work units.
WUS Work Unit Scheduling
Register the tracking between performed and scheduled
Performed Work Unit
PWUT
work units.
Tracking
Represents the dependences between performed work
Performed Work Unit
PWUD
units.
Dependence
Establishes the composition of work units in terms of
Performed Work Unit
PWUC
performed processes and tasks.
Composition
Defines the project of a performed process.
Project Process
WUC
PPP
Work Unit Composition
Performing
ISP-OPL Patterns
ID
Name
Intent
Human Resources
HRE
OTD
PTD
TRD
Human Resource Employment
Organizational Team Definition
Project Team Definition
Team Role Definition
TMR
Team Membership with Role
TMs
RPL
Team Membership simplified
Role Planning
StD
Stakeholder Definition
StA
Stakeholder Allocation
StAs
Stakeholder Allocation
simplified
PPa
Producer Participation
PPas
Producer Participation
simplified
Establishes the human resources employed in organizations.
Defines organizational teams.
Defines teams for projects.
Sets the roles to be performed in teams.
Establishes the members of a team, defining a period and a
role.
Establishes the members of a team.
Represents the roles to be performed in work units.
Defines the stakeholders (people or teams) involved in
projects.
Register the allocation of stakeholders in scheduled work
units, defining a period and a role.
Register the allocation of stakeholders in scheduled work
units.
Establish the stakeholders participating, during a period, in
performed work units.
Establish the stakeholders participating in performed work
units.
ISP-OPL Patterns
ID
Name
Intent
Work Products
Represents the different natures of work products.
WPN
Work Product Nature
WPC
Work Product Composition products.
DOCD
Document Depiction
WPP
Represents the composition complexity of work
Work Product Participation
WPCrea Work Product Creation
WPUse
Work Product Usage
WPChan Work Product Change
Defines the depiction of work products by documents.
Establishes the participation (creation, change or
usage) of work products in performed work units.
Establishes the creation of work products by
performed work units.
Establishes the change of work products by performed
work units.
Establishes the usage of work products by performed
work units.
ISP-OPL Process

[language figure]
Work Unit Patterns
Human Resource Patterns
Work Product Patterns
Applying ISP-OPL

Requirements Processes

ISO/IEC 12207 – Software Life Cycle Processes




ISO/IEC 15288 – System Life Cycle Processes



6.4.1 - Stakeholder Requirements Definition Process
6.4.2 - System Requirements Analysis Process
7.1.2 - Software Requirements Analysis Process
6.4.1 - Stakeholder Requirements Definition Process
6.4.2 - Requirements Analysis Process
ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148 – Requirements Engineering


6.2 - Stakeholder Requirements Definition Process
6.3 - Requirements Analysis Process
Applying ISP-OPL

Scope Definition

ISO/IEC 12207 – Software Life Cycle Processes


ISO/IEC 15288 – System Life Cycle Processes


6.4.1 - Stakeholder Requirements Definition Process
ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148 – Requirements Engineering


6.4.1 - Stakeholder Requirements Definition Process
6.2 - Stakeholder Requirements Definition Process
Performed Processes



Work Units
Human Resources
Work Products
Applying ISP-OPL

Analyzing the Standards

Concepts Identification
Applying ISP-OPL
Applying ISP-OPL
Applying ISP-OPL
Applying ISP-OPL
Applying ISP-OPL
Final Considerations

Once understood, the OPL is easy to apply


Enables a good productivity


The development of the resulting ontology is faster
Leads to more consistent ontologies


The major difficulties are on understanding the
standards and identifying the concepts and relations.
UFO ground, OPL built-in knowledge
Reaches interoperable ontologies

Same OPL: compatible concepts
A Software Process OPL for
ISO SC7 Standards
Fabiano B. Ruy
(fabianoruy@inf.ufes.br)
Ricardo A. Falbo
(falbo@inf.ufes.br)
Ontology & Conceptual
Modeling Research Group
Monalessa P. Barcellos
(monalessa@inf.ufes.br)
Federal University of Espírito Santo (Brazil)
Ontologias para Engenharia de Software
October, 2014