20:1 SEXUAL ASSAULT
PREVENTION PROGRAM
A PEER EDUCATION MODEL FOR GREEK
LIFE AND ATHETICS
PRESENTED BY
DARA RABOY-PICCIANO, LCSW-R
&
RANDALL M-J EDOUARD, MSEd
Raboy-Picciano/Edouard 2013
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TIER ONE: EMPATHY-BASED
PROGRAM
TIER TWO-AWARENESS-BASED
PROGRAM
TIER THREE-BYSTANDER-BASED
PROGRAM

THIS THREE TIER APPROACH FOR
MEN WAS CREATED BY DARA
RABOY-PICCIANO, JACK
CAUSSEAUX, JUAN ROSARIO, IAN
BEL, PETER PANDAZIS, AND
RICHARD REYNOSO
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Raboy-Picciano 2013
20:1 Best Practices
Principles
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Gender Specific
Peer to Peer
Culturally Specific (Greek Life,
Athletics)
Gender Balanced (Presenters)
Interactive Format
Real Life Scenarios
Focus on Sexual Consent
Focus on Bystander Behavior
Address Victim Blaming/Rape
Myths
Address Predatory Behavior
Encourage Victim Support
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Raboy-Picciano/2013
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Raboy-Picciano/Causseaux/2009
THE FOCUS GROUPS
 FOCUS GROUP QUESTIONS:
 Do you think sexual assault is a problem on BU
campus? How is it a problem and how pervasive?
 How do you believe the idea of consent is understood?
 How do members of a fraternity express dissatisfaction
with one another? How do they stand up to each
other?
 If you were to design an effective sexual assault
prevention program what would it look like?
 Do you think men can play an important role in this
process?
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Raboy-Picciano 2013
WHAT WAS LEARNED
 Fraternities want to address bystander
behavior
 Fraternity men will listen to fraternity
men, especially fraternity leaders
 Educate in small groups
 Keep fraternities separate, to promote indepth conversation.
 Men don’t understand consent
Raboy-Picciano 2013
TIER ONE: EMPATHY
BASED PROGRAM
 Model Based on John Foubert’s “The Men’s Program”
 20:1 model is modified to fit campus culture at
Binghamton in order to elicit the best response and
facilitate that highest possible level of personal growth
from our fraternity men
 Uses Sexual Assault and Consent Definitions from
Sokolow and Berkowitz (2002)
 Tier One builds empathy through use of Police Training
Video and Discussion around victim blaming, victim
experience, as well as how to help a victim
 Empathy is Built, But
 Lack of Understanding around Consent, so 20:1
created Tier Two
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Raboy-Picciano/Causseaux/Rosario/20:1 2009
TIER TWO: AWARENESS BASED
PROGRAM (CONSENT)
 Tier Two focuses on Sexual Consent
 Using the Consent Game© students have the
opportunity to explore in depth the meaning of consent
through practical application, and challenge deeply
held beliefs in a non-threatening way.
 Discussion of definition of sexual assault (Sokolow)
 Discussion of definition of consent (Berkowitz)
 Play the Consent Game©
 Discussion/Know the Facts hand out
 Lisak’s “The Undetected Rapist” DVD and stats used
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Raboy-Picciano/Causseaux/Rosario/20:1 2009
TIER THREE: BYSTANDER
BASED PROGRAM
 Model adapted from Banyard’s “Bringing in the Bystander”
 The Third Tier emerged from comments of participants who felt
they had become more aware of the problem of sexual assault
and prevention but wanted to know more about how to intervene.
 Discuss what it means to be a Bystander
 Give personal example of own struggle with being a bystander
 Empathy building exercise: Important in setting the mood
 Bystander Group Activity: This explores the what, whys, and how
of intervening and helps people explore their own personal
reasons, influences, and obstacles for whether or not they might
intervene as a bystander.
Raboy-Picciano/Rosario/20:1/Edouard 2009/2013
A PROGRAM FOR WOMEN
 Written By Dara Raboy-Picciano, Randall Edouard,
and members of the 20:1 Sexual Assault Preventions
Peer Education Internship Class of 2011/2012 and
2012/2013
 This is NOT a Risk Reduction Program
 This is an Educational Program
 Three Goals:
 Exploring Sexual Consent
 Building Sisterhood through Challenging Victim
Blaming and Building Support
 Understanding Predatory Behavior
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Raboy-Picciano/Edouard/20:1/2013
20:1 Data Collection and
Analysis
 Qualitative and
Quantitative Data
 Data from 2005-2007
 Data from 2008-2010
 Data from 2010 – the
present
 Pre/Post Surveys
 Tier One and Tier Two
Raboy-Picciano 2013
Pre/Post Surveys
 Surveys Updated in 2010
 Data from 2010-present will be
run next year
 What we are looking at:
 Understanding of Sexual
Assault
 Understanding of Sexual
Consent
 Victim Blaming/Rape Myths
 Victimization
 Perpetration
 Anticipated Behavioral Change
 Qualitative Responses
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Raboy-Picciano/Dallimore/Edouard/2013
Data Analysis
The First Two Years
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Over 200 Fraternity Men
Pre/Post Test Questions
Quantitative/Qualitative Analysis
Need for all Three Tiers
Self-Reported Perpetration Rates
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Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
Data Groups
 Two groups of fraternity men
 Group One; n = 198
 Received first tier Empathy-based program
 Group Two; n = 36
 Received second tier Awareness-based program
 Slightly older on average than group one
participants
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Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
Data Group One
Race/Ethnicity
Frequency Percent
African-American
Asian-American
Caucasian/Euro-American
Latino/Hispanic
8
48
119
9
4.0
24.2
60.1
4.5
Middle Eastern-American
Multi-racial American
International
1
1
4
0.6
0.56
2.0
Other
8
4.0
198
100
TOTAL
Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
Data Group Two
Race/Ethnicity
Frequency
Percent
Euro-American (Caucasian)
29
80.6
Latino-Hispanic American
1
2.8
Middle Eastern American
2
5.6
Multi Racial American
2
5.6
International
1
2.8
Other
1
2.8
TOTAL
36
100.0
Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
Drinking Behavior of Data
Groups
Data Group One
Drinks/
week
0
Data Group Two
Percent
Frequency
Percent
0
0
27
13.6
Drinks/
week
0
1-3
36
18.2
1-3
0
0
4-6
33
16.7
4-6
2
5.6
7+
102
51.5
7+
34
94.4
Frequency
Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
The Three Questions
 To what degree are men reporting perceived
perpetration of sexual assault?
 Does the program facilitate a change in attitude
regarding sexual assault and sexual consent?
 Is the program facilitating, or at least
encouraging, behavioral change?
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Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
Self-Reported Perpetration
Rates-Before Training
 Both groups were asked the question, “Do you
believe you have engaged in behaviors that meet
the definition of sexual assault?”
 Data Group One had self-report rates in pre-testing
showing 6.6% of men (13) felt they had engaged in
behavior that could be defined as sexual assault.
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Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
Group One
Have not
Have
Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
Self-Reported Perpetration
Rates-Before Training
 Data Group Two had self-report rates in pre-testing
showing 13.9% (5 men) believed they had engaged
in behaviors that met the definition of sexual
assault.
 Between the two groups 18 men (7.7%) responded
in the affirmative to the question.
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Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
Group Two
Have not
Have
Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
Self-Reported Perpetration
Rates-After Training
Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
Discussion of the findings
 Men were reporting sexual assault in significant numbers, but
there was also a large increase in the understanding of what
constitutes sexual assault and consent
 There was a need to separate out the components of building
empathy and increasing awareness, but data indicate both
components are necessary to the program
 Provided some introductory normative data on men that sexual
assault is clearly minority behavior, with a majority of fraternity
men wanting to make changes
 Education by peers helped them approach the topic in a manner
that made fraternity men more comfortable with topic, its
discussion, and more receptive to education.
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Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
Looking at Behavior
Change
 Data Group One: 32 men felt their behaviors
met the definition of sexual assault following
training
 25 (78.1%) of these felt they would alter their
behavior
 7 (21.9%) felt they would not
 3 (9.4%) answered yes on both pre and post
survey and did not express the feelings that
they would change their behavior.
 This is 1.5% of total sample
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Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
Looking at Behavior
Change
 Data Group Two: 13 men felt their behavior
met the definition of sexual assault following
training on the post test.
 13 (36.1%) felt they would alter their behavior
of all men in data group two.
 23 (68.9%) felt they would not
 5.6% answered yes in both pre and post
surveys and “no” as to whether or not they
change their behavior.
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Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
Looking at Behavior Change
Discussion of the Findings
 Between the two data groups, 130 men
(55.6%) felt they would alter their behavior
 At the same time, 41.5% of the men (97) did
not feel they had committed a sexual assault
either before or after training
 Qualitative data indicated these men wanted to
participate in creating cultural change but did
not know what to do
 This exemplified the need for the third tier
focusing on bystander behavior
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Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
Discussion of the Findings
 In both Data Groups, there was a percentage of men who
answered yes to both the pre-test and post-test question asking
whether their behavior met the definition of sexual assault and
then answered “no” as to whether or not they would change their
behavior after participating in the program.
 In data group one, these men accounted for 1.5% (3 men), and in
the second group 5.6% (2 men).
 Additionally, there was a slightly larger pool of men who had
responded in the affirmative on the post-test regardless of their
previous opinion who were not willing to change
 In Group One, there were 7 of these men (3.5%), while in Group
Two, they accounted for 22.2% (8 men)
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Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
Discussion on the Findings
 These men represent a portion of the population for who the
program was not effective, and the numbers are roughly in line with
what other studies have found
 They represent a significant concern and highlight the need to both
include a focus on change at the cultural/community level and
educate others about how they can successfully intervene
Combined Groups Willingness to Change
Will change-No SA
Will change-SA
No change-No SA
No change-SA
Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
Limitations of the Data
 Pilot program that went through several
alterations
 Assessment tools were changed to meet the
need of the program as it developed
 Not all of the data was able to be compared
between the various assessment tools
 Did not include assessment of peer behavior
on initial assessment tools
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Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
Qualitative Data from the
First Two Years
 Comments tended to fit into three
categories
 Category One: Perspective
 Category Two: Consent
 Category Three: Peer Education
Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
What the Qualitative Data
Said
 Examples from Category One: “informative from the
female standpoint”, “different thought of rape”
 Examples from Category Two: “Clarification about
consent”, “It has informed me about consent”, “learned
about consent”
 Examples from Category Three: “It wasn’t from the
perspective of elders, it was the point of view of real
students’, “the presentation, we can relate to”, I like the
scenarios and the speakers. The knew what they were
speaking about”.
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Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
What the Qualitative Data
Said
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What they liked about the program:
“Down to earth”
“Interactive and related to us”
“discussions free and open”
“it’s honest, it’s true and examples are real”
What they didn’t like:
“length of the program”
“Video too graphic”
“did not think some members of fraternity were serious during
presentation”
 Do not think sexual assault is prevalent on campus”
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Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009
Data Analysis 2008-2010
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Demographics:
Over 500 students
180 Fraternity Men
161 Women in
Sororities or
Professional
Fraternities
 118 Male Athletes
 85 Female Athletes
Raboy-Picciano 2013
Greek Life Demographics
Ethnicity
Caucasian
242
AsianAmerican
31
“Other”
20
Latino
18
Does not
drink
45%
Multi-Racial
8
1-3/week
18%
AfricanAmerican
6
4-6/week
10%
Over
7/week
25%
Raboy-Picciano /Dallimore/2013
Reported
Drinking
Do You Believe that after
Participating in this Program
your Behavior will change: Yes
Raboy-Picciano/Dallimore/ 2013
Do you believe you have
engaged in sexually assaultive
behavior: Yes
Raboy-Picciano /Dallimore/2013
Do you believe that you have
been sexually assaulted: Yes
Raboy-Picciano /Dallimore/2013
Unexpected Outcomes
 20:1 Members as First
Responders
 Yo Bro 20:1
 The tremendous
commitment the men
felt to the program
 20:1 members as
bridge in cases:
example; date rape
drugs at fraternity
houses.

Raboy-Picciano 2013
Questions/Comments
Raboy-Picciano/Edouard /2013
For more information contact 20:1
at piccian@binghamton.edu