Career Counseling:
Foundations, Perspectives, and Applications
edited by David Capuzzi and Mark Stauffer
Chapter Six
Individual and Group Assessment
and Appraisal
Donna S. Sheperis
Michelle Perepiczka
Clint Limoges
Psychometric Concepts
Reliability
How repeatable and consistent
Validity
Accuracy and integrity of a test
Norms and Scoring
Test norm definition:
Descriptive statistical data derived from a
representative group of scores to serve as a
comparison for individuals taking the test
Norms and Scoring
Standardized scores with fixed means
and standardized deviations (SD)
z scores (mean = 0, SD= 1)
T scores (mean = 50, SD= 10)
Stanines (mean = 5, SD= 2)
Sten scores (mean = 5.5, SD = 2)
Ethical Considerations
Competence in psychometrics
• APA 11 standards on assessment
• ACA 13 standards on evaluation,
assessment, and interpretation
• NBCC 15 standards on measurement
and evaluation
• Code of Fair Test Practice in Education
Use of Assessments in Career
Counseling
 Process of providing assessment
 Informing clients of the process
 Interpretation of results with clients
John Holland’s
Personality Types
Realistic
Investigative
Artistic
Social
Enterprising
Conventional
Various inventories
test for goodness of
fit
Self-Directed Search (SDS)
Vocational Preferences Inventory (VPI)
Career Attitudes & Strategic Inventory
(CASI)
Strong Interest Inventory (SII)
Supers Life-Span Theory
Various inventories assess career
maturity, the salience of life roles, and
the values in life
Interest: Strong’s Interest Inventory
Values: Work Values Inventory
and Values scale
Roles: Salience Inventory (SI)
Theory of Work Adjustment
Level of work and person
correspondence
Needs/Values:
Minnesota Importance Questionnaire (MIQ)
Job Satisfaction:
Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ)
Other:
Minnesota Job Description Questionnaire (MJDQ)
Cognitive Information
Processing (CIP)
Helps adolescents and adults achieve an optimal
level of career problem solving and decision-making
skills in support of their career choices
Career Thoughts Inventory (CTI)
My Vocational Situation (MVS)
Assessments of
Aptitude/Ability/Achievement
Aptitude
An ability, tendency, or capacity,
whether inherited or learned from
environmental and life experiences
Assessments of
Ability & Achievement
Wonderlic Basic Skills Test (WBST)
SAT/ACT Assessment
Graduate Record Examination (GRE)
Miller Analogies Test (MAT)
Assessments of
Interests
Interests
Defined as a set of beliefs or
attitudes towards a given activity,
interest is linked to motivation to
engage in some form of that activity.
Assessments of
Interests
Kuder Occupational Interest Survey (KOIS)
Kuder General Interest Survey (KGIS)
Career Assessment Inventory (CAI)
Assessments of
Values
Values are generally defined as cognitive,
emotional, and behavioral factors that
manifest themselves as beliefs.
Assessments of
Career Maturity
Career maturity
Refers to the clients’ ability to make
reasoned career choices based on their
skills, readiness, awareness and
experience
Assessments of
Career Maturity
Career Maturity Inventory (CMI)
The Career Factors Inventory (CFI)
Assessments of
Personality
Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF)
The Student Styles Questionnaire (SSQ)
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Comprehensive Personality Profile (CPP)
The Jackson Personality Inventory-Revised (JPI-R)
Computer Assisted Career
Guidance Systems (CAGS)
Discover
Choices
SIGI-PLUS
Career Key
COIN
Magellan
Qualitative Assessment
Career Values Card Sort
Assessments of Special
Populations
Cross-Cultural Adaptability Inventory
(CCAI)
Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity
Acculturation Scale (SL-ASIA)
Wide Range Interest and Opinion Test
(WRIOT)
References
Hood, A.B. & Johnson, R.W. (1991) Assessment in counseling: A guide to
the use of psychological assessment procedures. Alexandria, VA:
American Counseling Association.
Kapes, J.T. & Mastie, M.M. (2002). A counselor’s guide to career
assessment instruments (4th ed.). Alexandria,VA: National Career
Development Association.
Starkey, D., & Rasmus, S. D. (2005). Individual and Group Assessment
and Appraisal. In D. Capuzzi, & M. Stauffer (Eds.), Career counseling:
Foundations, perspectives, and applications. Allyn & Bacon.