History and Approaches
Review
AP Psychology
It’s Your Turn
• Grab a partner--you may only work in pairs.
• Decide who will be “A” and who will be “B” -- “B” must turn
your back so that you cannot see the screen.
• When the next slide is revealed, there will be a topic.
Participant “A” will describe to partner “B” the list of eight
items that will be shown. When “B” has identified all eight
terms on the list, shout “Done!”
• “A” can use a list, describing words, hand signals, acting out,
etc. “A” can do whatever is necessary for “B” to identify the
words (except use parts of the work or tell them the words).
• When the next slide is revealed, both “A” and “B” can see
the topic. Partner “B” should then turn your back before the
word list is revealed.
Schools and Historical Approaches to
Psychology
Functionalism
Psychoanalytical
Behavioral
Structuralism
Gestalt Psychology
Schools and Historical Approaches to
Psychology
Biological View
The Humanistic
Evolutionary View
Developmental
The Cognitive
Sociocultural
Types of Psychologists
Sports Psychologist
Neuropsychologist
School Psychologist
Psychometricians
Counseling Psychologist
Health Psychologist
Experimental Psychologist
Educational Psychologist
Types of Psychologists
Social Psychologist
Rehabilitation Psychologists
Personality Psychologist
Forensic Psychologist
Engineering Psychologist
Industrial/Organizational Psychologist
Developmental Psychologist
Clinical Psychologist
History and Approaches
Evolutionary
Biological
Psychodynamic
Cognitive
Humanistic
Socialcultural
Behavioral
By helping each other, we are more likely to survive and
reproduce.
Biological
Psychodynamic
Cognitive
Humanistic
Evolutionary
Socialcultural
Behavioral
86%
14%
ic
Co
gn
i
am
0%
0%
0%
0%
tiv
e
Hu
m
an
i st
Ev
ic
ol
ut
io
na
So
ry
cia
lcu
ltu
ra
l
Be
ha
vi
or
al
Ps
y
ch
o
dy
n
gi
ca
l
0%
Bi
ol
o
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Unconscious sexual motivation prompts our willingness to help
others.
100%
Biological
Psychodynamic
Cognitive
Humanistic
Evolutionary
Socialcultural
Behavioral
Co
gn
i
am
ic
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
tiv
e
Hu
m
an
i st
Ev
ic
ol
ut
io
na
So
ry
cia
lcu
ltu
ra
l
Be
ha
vi
or
al
Ps
y
ch
o
dy
n
gi
ca
l
0%
Bi
ol
o
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A specific brain region underlies our experience of empathy for
persons in distress.
50%
Biological
Psychodynamic
Cognitive
Humanistic
Evolutionary
Socialcultural
Behavioral
33%
17%
ic
Co
gn
i
am
0%
0%
0%
tiv
e
Hu
m
an
i st
Ev
ic
ol
ut
io
na
So
ry
cia
lcu
ltu
ra
l
Be
ha
vi
or
al
Ps
y
ch
o
dy
n
gi
ca
l
0%
Bi
ol
o
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
We are most likely to help those we perceive as similar to
ourselves and whom we believe deserve our assistance.
Biological
Psychodynamic
Cognitive
Humanistic
Evolutionary
Socialcultural
Behavioral
83%
17%
0%
Co
gn
i
am
ic
0%
0%
0%
tiv
e
Hu
m
an
i st
Ev
ic
ol
ut
io
na
So
ry
cia
lcu
ltu
ra
l
Be
ha
vi
or
al
Ps
y
ch
o
dy
n
gi
ca
l
0%
Bi
ol
o
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
By helping others, we achieve a better sense of self-fulfillment
and self-actualization.
Biological
Psychodynamic
Cognitive
Humanistic
Evolutionary
Socialcultural
Behavioral
86%
14%
Co
gn
i
am
ic
0%
0%
0%
0%
tiv
e
Hu
m
an
i st
Ev
ic
ol
ut
io
na
So
ry
cia
lcu
ltu
ra
l
Be
ha
vi
or
al
Ps
y
ch
o
dy
n
gi
ca
l
0%
Bi
ol
o
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The willingness of people to help varies greatly across the
world’s societies.
Biological
Psychodynamic
Cognitive
Humanistic
Evolutionary
Socialcultural
Behavioral
71%
14%
0%
Co
gn
i
am
ic
0%
14%
0%
tiv
e
Hu
m
an
i st
Ev
ic
ol
ut
io
na
So
ry
cia
lcu
ltu
ra
l
Be
ha
vi
or
al
Ps
y
ch
o
dy
n
gi
ca
l
0%
Bi
ol
o
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Children who have been rewarded for helpful behavior are more
likely to be helpful in future interpersonal interactions.
Biological
Psychodynamic
Cognitive
Humanistic
Evolutionary
Socialcultural
Behavioral
57%
14%
14%
ic
0%
Co
gn
i
am
14%
0%
tiv
e
Hu
m
an
i st
Ev
ic
ol
ut
io
na
So
ry
cia
lcu
ltu
ra
l
Be
ha
vi
or
al
Ps
y
ch
o
dy
n
gi
ca
l
0%
Bi
ol
o
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
According to your text, the best definition of psychology
is_________.
100%
ifi
cs
tu
dy
o
fb
pe
rs
o
n
sc
ie
nt
Th
e
or
at
io
...
...
0%
of
dy
o
tu
cs
ifi
Th
e
sc
ie
nt
0%
f.
..
an
...
0%
hu
m
th
e
Th
e
of
ud
y
st
Th
e
Th
e
un
d
er
st
a
nd
in
go
fu
...
0%
ex
pl
1. The understanding of
unconscious processes
2. The study of the human mind
3. The scientific study of human
behaviors
4. The exploration of personality
traits
5. The scientific study of behavior
and mental processes
The empirical approach to psychological research is best
reflected in which of the following statements.
vio
sc
ie
nt
Pe
op
le
ca
n
in
te
be
ha
le
er
va
b
0%
0%
rp
re
tr
es
ifi
...
cs
tu
dy
of
b.
..
s.
..
ri
dy
tu
ls
gic
a
Ob
s
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o
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h
ps
A
Th
e
..
lti
pe
cia
an
ys
ar
em
0%
is.
..
0%
Th
er
e
1. There are many specialties
within the field of psychology
2. A psychological study is
conducted through careful
observation and scientificallybased research.
3. Observable behavior is more
important than mental processes
4. People can interpret research in
different ways
5. The scientific study of behavior
and mental processes
100%
Dr. Smith works at a research facility where her team is trying to
establish a link between a specific protein and a specific mental illness.
Dr. Smith is engaged in which type of professional psychology?
0%
ops
y
ch
o
og
y
lo
gy
0%
Ps
eu
d
ol
o
Pa
ra
p
sy
ch
gp
hi
n
Te
ac
0%
gy
gy
yc
ho
lo
ps
ie
d
Ap
pl
en
ta
lp
sy
ch
o
lo
gy
0%
sy
ch
ol
Experimental psychology
Applied psychology
Teaching psychology
Parapsychology
Pseudo-psychology
Ex
pe
rim
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
100%
Dr. Lee is a medical doctor who works in a hospital setting and
specializes in diagnosing and treating people with psychological
disorders. He can prescribe medication to help in the treatment of
mental disorders. Dr. Lee is most likely a(n)______________.
Biological psychologist
Psychiatrist
Mental health counselor
Experimental psychologist
Developmental psychologist
100%
0%
0%
ns
en
el
De
ta
or
lp
ve
s
lo
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pm
ho
en
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ist
co
u
Ex
pe
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al
he
al
th
Ps
y
ch
i
at
gi
st
M
en
t
ol
o
yc
h
ps
ca
l
gi
0%
ris
t
0%
Bi
ol
o
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Dr. Jones, a developmental psychologist, has read a recent research
article about children’s taste preferences, which concluded that most
children do not like to eat very spicy foods. When the nearby nursery
school asked her advice about what to prepare for the children’s
snacks, Dr. Jones suggested not including and spicy foods. Dr. Jones is
practicing _____________ psychology?
100%
0%
ld
e
rip
tiv
De
sc
ie
d
0%
Ap
pl
en
ta
l
0%
Ex
pe
rim
hi
n
g
0%
Ch
i
Teaching
Experimental
Applied
Descriptive
Child
Te
ac
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The contemporary view of psychology has evolved from all
fields of study with the exception of the field of __________.
50%
40%
Economics
Chemistry
Physics
Philosophy
Biology
10%
Ph
i
gy
Bi
ol
o
lo
so
ph
y
s
0%
Ph
ys
ic
ry
Ch
em
ist
m
ics
0%
Ec
on
o
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Most psychologist consider the era of modern
psychology to have begun with which of the following
events?
100%
Jo
h
n
W
at
al
i..
.
0%
Ro
s
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,..
.
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dt
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Sig
m
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be
gin
sp
r..
.
0%
Fr
eu
d
1. Sigmund Freud begins practicing
self-analysis in 1897
2. Wilhelm Wundt established a
research lab to study the structures
of the mind in 1879
3. William James textbook, Principle of
Psychology, in published in 1889
4. John Watson and Rosalie Rayner
conduct the “Little Albert
Experiment” in 1920
Functionalism is the historical school of psychology that focused
on its attention on _____________.
67%
22%
11%
th
e
be
lie
ft
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gn
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n
n.
..
0%
sc
io
1. unconscious processes and their
effect on behavior
2. cognitive associations and how
those impact learned actions
3. the effect of the relationships
between parents and children on
behavior
4. the belief that mental processes
could best be understood in terms
of their adaptive purpose and
function
The behaviorist movement believed that psychology
should focus on ____________.
89%
1. Dreams
2. The totality of mental process
3. Observable actions and
associations
4. Reflexes
5. Genetics and biology
11%
...
0%
Ge
Re
ne
fle
tic
xe
sa
s
nd
bi
ol
og
y
ac
t
io
ns
an
d
al
p
r..
.
0%
le
er
va
b
Ob
s
Th
e
to
ta
lit
yo
fm
en
t
Dr
ea
m
s
0%
Wundt’s technique of reporting one’s conscious mental
experiences is known as ____________.
Introspection
Structuralism
Functionalism
Psychodynamism
Humanism
20%
ism
am
dy
n
Ps
y
ch
o
tio
Fu
nc
0%
Hu
m
an
ism
0%
m
lis
na
ra
l
ct
u
St
ru
ro
sp
ec
t
io
n
ism
0%
In
t
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
80%
An introspective look at the Necker Cube illustrates that
humans do not sense the world as it really is
because_________________.
20%
vio
be
ha
ro
...
m
en
t
ra
nd
bi
ill
w
fre
e
al
p
ur
so
as
e
so
as
ou
r
10%
p.
..
..
ti o
n.
cia
in
d
m
ea
rn
ed
us
on
l
yl
cio
un
co
ns
th
e
sa
dd
pe
rs
o
na
l in
gu
...
...
10% 10%
hu
m
an
1. humans add personal
interpretations to experiences
2. the unconscious mind guides all
of our perceptions
3. only learned association have
meaning to an individual
4. our free will biases our
perceptions of the world
5. behavior and mental processes
are not related to perceptual
processes
50%
Dr. Ortiz studies the effect of neurotransmitter, chemicals that
are secreted in the brain, on human behavior. She is best
described as a(n)____________psychologist.
Cognitive
Developmental
Evolutionary
Sociocultural
Biological
10%
gi
ca
l
0%
tiv
e
De
ve
lo
pm
en
ta
l
Ev
ol
ut
io
na
ry
So
cio
cu
ltu
ra
l
0%
Bi
ol
o
10%
Co
gn
i
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
80%
Dr. Amarosa is studying the relationship between the color of
words presented to person and the quantity of the words the
person remembers. He is best described as a(an)_________
psychologist.
Cognitive
Developmental
Evolutionary
Sociocultural
Biological
20%
0%
Bi
ol
o
gi
ca
l
0%
tiv
e
De
ve
lo
pm
en
ta
l
Ev
ol
ut
io
na
ry
So
cio
cu
ltu
ra
l
0%
Co
gn
i
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
80%
Dr. Schulman believes that human behavior is generated in our
unconscious minds and is the result of unresolved conflicts and
desires. She views human behavior and mental processes from the
_____________ perspectives.
Cognitive
Humanistic
Psychodynamic
Behaviorist
Biological
gi
ca
l
0%
Bi
ol
o
dy
n
ch
o
Ps
y
Be
ha
vi
am
ic
i st
or
i st
0%
ic
0%
Hu
m
an
tiv
e
0%
Co
gn
i
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
100%
Which of the following statements best describes
modern psychology?
10%
Ps
y
...
on
ce
nt
yo
nl
yc
or
es
..
ch
o
lo
g
ye
xp
l
ba
ch
ch
o
lo
g
yo
nl
a
on
ly
Ps
y
0%
.
0%
...
...
id
al
ith
w
ne
An
yo
lo
g
ch
o
Ps
y
ch
o
lo
g
yi
yi
sn
sd
ot
av
ive
rs
e
fie
l. .
.
0%
Ps
y
1. Psychology is diverse field that
examines issues from several
perspectives
2. Psychology is not a valid
scientific field of study
3. Anyone with only a bachelor’s
degree can be a psychologist
4. Psychology only explores
observable actions
5. Psychology only concentrates on
mental processes
90%