• Deep Ecology
• Heidegger
• Bataille
• Nietschze
• Taoism

Tim Alderete
The Meadows School

• The Security Kritik vs. Astropolitiks
• Astropolitiks vs. The Asteroid Kritik
• Threat Construction vs. China Threat (Pan)
• China Threat vs. The Pearl Harbor Kritik
• Capitalism vs. Disposable Planet Mentality
• Disposable Planet Mentality vs. Mars Colonialism

International Relations Realism
Realpolitik
• Anarchy – No Authority
• States Have National Interests / Sovereignty
• Zero Sum Competition – Relative vs Absolute
Gains
• Empirical / Externally Verifiable

• John Mearsheimer, Professor of International Relations at the
University of Chicago 1995 “The False Promise of International
Institutions” and “A Realist Reply” International Security,
Spring/Summer pp 82-93
• Dale Copeland, Director Dept. of Government and Foreign
Affairs @ University of Virginia, 2006 “The Constructivist
Challenge to Structural Realism: A Review Essay”,
Constructivism and International Relations, Alexander Wendt and His Critics

Everett Dolman - Realism applied to
Space
• Zero Sum Competition
• External Resources determine Power
• Lack of Authority

• ASATs
• Missile Defense
• Satellite Hardening / SSA
• TSATs

• Space Debris
• SSP
• Mining
• Colonization

• Military Industrial Complex – MacDonald
• Authoritarian Space – Orr
Orr, 4 – Professor of Sociology at Syracuse University (Jackie, The Militarization of Inner Space, Critical Sociology, Sage Journals)
• Security Competition - Grondin

Liberal Internationalism / Institutionalism
• Arms Control / The Outer Space Treaty
• Deterritorialization / Sovereignty in Space
• David Grondin, 2006 – Assistant Professor, School of Political
Studies, University of Ottawa The (Power) Politics of Space:
The U.S. Astropolitical Discourse of Global Dominance in the
War on Terror

Critical Geography
As has already been made clear, this sort of project is by no means new. Just as astropolitics situates itself within a Mackinderian geographical tradition, so a critical geography of outer space can draw on geography’s early modern cosmographical origins, as well as on more recent emancipatory perspectives that might interrogate the workings of race, class, gender and imperialism. Space is already being produced in and through Earthly regimes of power in ways that undoubtedly threaten social justice and democracy. A critical geography of space, then, is not some far-fetched or indulgent distraction from the ‘real world’; Fraser
MacDonald: Anti-Astropolitik outer space and the orbit of geography 611 rather, as critical geographers we need to think about the contest for outer space as being constitutive of numerous familiar operations, not only in respect of international relations and the conduct of war, but also to the basic infrastructural maintenance of the state and to the lives of its citizenry.
Fraser Macdonald, 2007 – Professor of Human Geography at the University of
Melbourne Anti-Astropolitik: Outer Space and the Orbit of Geography, Progress in
Human Geography Online

Felicity Mellor 2007 PhD Theoretical Physics Newcastle
University, Colliding Worlds: Asteroid Research and the
Legitimization of War in Space, Social Studies of Science, Vol. 37,
Aug., pp. 499-531, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2547453,)
*Credit to Whit Whitmore for the cite.

• Threat construction / Anthropomorphism
• Apocalyptic Rhetoric
• Militarism / Justifying Star Wars/SDI

• Competition is inevitable
• Capabilities determine Intentions
• Realism applied in Asia
• Self Fulfilling Prophecy

• 2001 Space Commission for the Management of Space –
Rumsfeld
• Historical analogies as Narratives / Stories
• Implied Messages in stories / Purposes of Narratives
• National Stereotypes / Racialized Violence

Consumer / Producer Relationship
• Consumption is virtuous
• Consumption / Production is Progressive
• Economic competition will preserve scarce resources

• Competition – Winners and Losers – Resource Conflicts
• Consumption – Over exploitation of Resources
• Commodification – reduction to Instrumental value / devaluation

• “Infinite Resources” – technical vs. actual
• Overconsumption mindset – Environment
• Space Junk

• History of Colonialism / spread of Neo
Liberalism
• Anthropocentrism
• Potential for a Word PIC

• Affirmatives using Market Mechanisms
• Commodifying Space “Territory” and
“Resources”

• American mythology – Rugged
Individualism
• Lawless / Dangerous / Wasteland Imagery
• Acceptance of Devaluation of life /
“Vigilante” conflicts

• Manned Space Flight – NASA culture
• To Boldly go where no Man has gone before
• Phallic Imagery

• Mindset Change / Human Spaceflight
• An Advantage
• 100 th Monkey

• Technology / Technologic
• Enlightenment / Rationality
• Ontology and Ethics

• Policy Making / Educated Hope – Giroux
• Space and Hope – alternative to
Astropolitik
• Science Fiction / Scenarios

• SETI – Advantage
• Colonization / Human Space Flight
• Deep Ecology / Social Ecology

• Blah blah blah blah
• Blah blah blah blah
• Blah blah BLAU blah