The Changing World of Safety
on College Campuses
47th Annual Association of Kansas Community College
Occupational Professionals Conference
March 27, 2014
Ben Smith and Jason Kegler
Roadmap
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Importance of Safety
Active Shooter Events (ASE’s)
Gun Legislation
Things you can do
Conclusion
Importance of safety
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Absolute or State of mind
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need
Government Regulations
Recent Events
– Changes in KS statutes
– Mass shootings
What are your perceptions?
• Do you know of threats or violence during
the past year where you work?
• Have you been personally threatened during
work hours?
• Are there specific places on your campuses
that you feel unsafe?
Perception vs. Reality
Perception vs. Reality
• Perception is school shootings happen often
• Reality is the CDC puts your chances of
being shot at school at less than one in a
million chance
• From strictly a risk management perspective,
“storm shelters before flack jackets”
• According to Texas State University and
NYPD studies, the number of ASE’s is
increasing annually
Texas State University
Study Results
Frequency of ASE’s
Source: “United States Active Shooter Events from 2000 to 2010: Training and Equipment Implications”, Advanced Law
Enforcement Rapid Response Training, Texas State University, March, 2013
Attack Locations of ASE’s
Source: “United States Active Shooter Events from 2000 to 2010: Training and Equipment Implications”, Advanced Law
Enforcement Rapid Response Training, Texas State University, March, 2013
Number of people shot
Source: “United States Active Shooter Events from 2000 to 2010: Training and Equipment Implications”, Advanced Law
Enforcement Rapid Response Training, Texas State University, March, 2013
Most powerful weapon used
Source: “United States Active Shooter Events from 2000 to 2010: Training and Equipment Implications”, Advanced Law
Enforcement Rapid Response Training, Texas State University, March, 2013
Resolution of ASE’s in US (2000-2010)
Source: “United States Active Shooter Events from 2000 to 2010: Training and Equipment Implications”, Advanced Law
Enforcement Rapid Response Training, Texas State University, March, 2013
New York Police Department
Study Results
NYPD Study of 2012 ASE’s
2012 = 3 times the average of the
previous 5 years!
Source: “Active Shooter: Recommendations and Analysis for Risk Mitigation 2012 Edition”, Counterterrorism Bureau of the New
York City Police Department (NYPD), NYPD Printing Section, 2013
Age of Attackers – NYPD Study
–Bimodal
–School shooting peak ages 15-19
–Non-school peak ages
35-44
Source: “Active Shooter: Recommendations and Analysis for Risk Mitigation 2012 Edition”, Counterterrorism Bureau of the New
York City Police Department (NYPD), NYPD Printing Section, 2013
Other Characteristics – NYPD Study
–96% male
–98% alone
–74% planned; 26% random
Source: “Active Shooter: Recommendations and Analysis for Risk Mitigation 2012 Edition”, Counterterrorism Bureau of the New
York City Police Department (NYPD), NYPD Printing Section, 2013
Who is this?
Cho Seung Hui-April 17, 2007
• Killed 32 people and wounded 17 at Virginia Tech
• Shooting Spree began at 7:15am ending with him
taking his own life around 9:45am.
• Approximately 72 separate incidents occurred
prior to April 17.
• Incidents included personal threats, inappropriate
behavior, and awkward discussions
• In 2005, Cho was found “mentally ill and in need
of hospitalization”.
• Weapons were legally purchased
Who is this?
James Holmes-July 20, 2012
• Killed 12 and wounded 58 in movie theater in
Aurora, CO
• Had been enrolled as a Ph.D. Student in
Neuroscience at the University of Colorado
• Psychiatrists believed he had a mental illness
and could be dangerous
• Had a history of making homicidal statements
• Close acquaintances feared he was violent
• Weapons were legally purchased
What does a mass shooter look
like??
What does a mass shooter look like?
• We can make assumptions:
–Sex, Race, Age, Economic Background
• The FACTS indicate:
–There is NO standard profile
–Suspects exhibit behavioral concerns
–Some major life-changing trigger event
occurs
Behavioral concerns?
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Increased absenteeism
Increased use of alcohol or drugs
Increased depression or withdrawal
Increased mood swings
Behavioral concerns?
• Suicidal comments or comments
regarding hurting oneself
• Changes in hygiene or appearance
• Cold or uncaring affect – lack of any
emotion
Other types of workplace violence
• According to the Bureau of Justice
statistics,
– You are eighteen times (18X) more likely to
experience workplace violence than a fire
– Every hour in the workplace, twenty-six women
will be raped or sexually assaulted
– Every day, two people are murdered in the
workplace
Can we stop these types of events?
Can we stop these types of events?
NO, more than
likely, not.
Average ASE event over in 3-8 minutes.
Average police response time 3-8 minutes.
Who are the first responders to
these types of events?
We are.
Standard Police Response
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Find Threat, Neutralize Threat
No first aid
No hand holding or comforting
No room clearing until threat is
neutralized
NCCC held an active shooter
scenario training exercise in
January, 2014.
• Shooter walked at a normal pace
through four buildings in less than six
minutes and prior to law enforcement’s
arrival on campus
• Killed 13, wounded 27
• Have any of your colleges
held active shooter training
exercises?
• What did you learn from your
exercise?
• We learned communication is almost
always the biggest issue
• Letting employees and students know
clear, concise information in a timely
manner
• Communicating between college
personnel, between college personnel and
responding agencies, and between the
responding agencies
• We needed more training!
Outside Influences
–Kansas Statutes
KS 2013 Legislation
–Kansas Personal and Family
Protection Act
–Allows for conceal carry on college
campuses unless “adequate security
measures” are deployed
–Colleges may apply for exemption
while they develop security plan
What can we do in the event of
an active shooter?
–Safety best practices
• Don’t scream and point
• Engage only if you have important
information
• Drop everything, hands up, fingers
spread
In the event of an active
shooter, FEMA recommends:
–Run
–Hide
–Fight
Source: “IS-907: Active Shooter; What You Can Do”, FEMA Emergency Management Institute, October 31, 2013
What can we do in to address
safety concerns in general (fire,
severe weather, sexual assault or
harassment)?
–Safety best practices
As employees we should:
–Train regularly on emergency
procedures and college policies
–Stay alert
–Remain informed
–Foster a culture of reporting
• “See something – Say something”
As individuals we should:
–Train regularly on emergency
procedures
–Park under or near lights
–Walk with your head up and display
confidence
–Check surroundings as you walk
As individuals we should:
– Train regularly on emergency procedures
– Know where exits are located wherever you
are – identify evacuation routes
– Sit near exits in classrooms and meeting
rooms
– Utilize the buddy system whenever possible
– Know where emergency equipment such as
AED’s are located
Conclusion:
–Train regularly on emergency
procedures and college policies
–Use the tools at your disposal
Tools at your disposal
• Your wits and intellect – YOU are your
own greatest asset!
• Your college’s emergency action plan
• Your college’s chief safety officer
• FEMA Active Shooter Training – see
training course and video below:
http://www.training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/I
S/is907.asp
Questions or Comments?