IPM CRSP INTERNATIONAL
PLANT DIAGNOSTIC NETWORK:
A GATEWAY TO IPM
IMPLEMENTATION
Sally A. Miller
Department of Plant Pathology
7th Int. IPM Symposium
Memphis, TN
27 March 2012
International Plant Diagnostic Network
(IPDN)
• Funded by USAID as part of IPM CRSP program,
beginning 2005
• Plant disease and pest diagnostics
• Network of laboratories in Africa, Asia and Central
America
• No regulatory or enforcement role; but
communication with national plant health
regulatory services is encouraged
Networking to Improve Diagnostic
Efficiency
• Organized system of
Central Laboratory
Regional “hub” labs
“Spoke” or “node” labs
laboratories and
personnel
communicating with one
another and working
together
• Hierarchical structure
• Example: U.S. National
Plant Diagnostic Network
Communication with first responders:
Farm agents, farmers, consultants, etc.
Disease Diagnostic Capacity in Africa:
Baseline Survey 2006-2007
Component
% adequate
East Africa
West Africa
Standard laboratory workspace
65.2
76.2
Specialized workspace for molecular diagnostics/PCR
33.3
27.8
Standard laboratory equipment
43.5
47.6
Specialized equipment for molecular diagnostics/PCR
22.7
15.0
Specialized equipment for serological diagnostics
13.0
30.0
Laboratory supplies and consumables
40.9
42.9
Microscopes
45.8
57.1
Cameras
39.1
35.0
Computers
47.8
45.0
Internet access
50.0
42.9
Reference materials
22.7
21.1
Consistent electrical supply
69.6
60.0
Identified Capacity Development Needs –
EA 2008
• Additional in-depth training on high impact pest and
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
disease diagnosis
Equipment upgrades
Better access to biotech materials and supplies
Updated pest lists
Improved local diagnostics and surveillance capacity
Better means of reaching farmers – “Test, Don’t Guess”
Improved communication and cooperation among
pathologists and entomologists in AU
Access to library/reference materials
Diagnostics standardization across labs (SOPs)
IPDN Approach
• Introduce distance
diagnostic and data
management web portal
• Conduct training
programs
• Harmonize diagnostic
protocols (SOPs)
• Develop and test
diagnostic assays
Training in Plant Diagnostics
• Regional insect pest and
disease diagnosis training
• Include local experts
• Cooperate with IPM CRSP
Virus Global Theme and
Regional programs
• Trainees mostly drawn from
IPM CRSP RPs
• The Ohio State University
• Advanced serological,
molecular and online
diagnostics
Regional Hands-On Training Approaches
• 20 workshops since 2006
• Horticultural crop focus
• Initial stakeholder meetings (capacity assessment) + training
• 466 professionals trained
• Evolution of training concepts
• Broad general diagnostics
• Classical methods – symptoms, culturing, LFDs, squash blots (viruses),
morphology
• DDIS-CIMS
• Focused hands-on technology training with critical disease and
pest examples
• Crop and technology focus
• PCR, ELISA, DDIS-CIMS
• SOP training
IPDN Professional Programs – Phase 1
Country
Year
Type
Women
Men
Benin
2006
Stakeholder/Training
6
34
Guatemala
2006
Stakeholder/Training
9
21
Kenya
2007
Stakeholder/Training
16
42
USA (OH)
2007
Advanced Training – Diagnostics/SPS
14
11
Ghana
2008
1-day Networking
1
11
Uganda
2008
General Training
6
20
Guatemala
2008
General Training
7
26
Mali
2009
General Training
9
16
Kenya
2009
2-day SOP development
3
9
Guatemala
2009
General Training
7
13
Guatemala
2009
UF/FAS MAGA General Training
3
12
Guatemala
2009
APS OIP/Clemson – Nematode ID
4
14
Kyrgystan
2009
General Training
7
25
92 (27%)
254
Total
Benin, 2006
IPDN Professional Training– Phase II
Country
Year
Type
Women
Men
Indonesia
2010
General Training
9
11
Guatemala
2010
Focused Training - Ralstonia,
Clavibacter, zebra chip, cyst nematode
10
20
Guatemala
2011
Focused Training - UF/FAS/IPDN
Molecular diagnostics - Clavibacter
1
4
India
2011
Focused Training - Diagnostics and
variability of plant viruses
8
7
Ghana
2011
Focused Training – Tomato diseases
and pests
3
18
USA (OH)
2011
Clavibacter diagnostics - CA
1
-
Kenya
2012
SOP Development
6
8
Bangladesh
2012
Focused Training – TLCV, whitefly,
Ralstonia, Papaya mealybug ID
8
6
Total 46 (38%)
74
Ghana 2011: Tomato Disease and Insect
Pest Diagnostics
• Overviews -major diseases and pests
• Bacterial diseases
• Culture, HR, serology
• Virus diseases
• Sap transmission, serology, PCR
• Insect pests and vectors identification
• Fungal disease identification
• Culturing, microscopy, serology
• Root knot nematode identification
• DDIS-CIMS training
• Diagnostics and IPM implementation
Diagnostics Workshop - Bangladesh
• Fundamentals
• PCR
• Serology
• Bacterial pathogen ID
• Insect-transmitted virus ID
• Whitefly molecular markers
• Biocontrol agent ID
• DDIS
• Case Studies – Hands-on
• Papaya mealybug
• Ralstonia solanacearum
• TLCV
Standard Operating Procedures
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Background
Symptoms
Signs
Media recipes
Serological tests
Biochemical tests
DNA extraction
PCR protocols
• Widely tested and
validated
Standard Operating Procedures under
IPDN Development – East Africa
Crop
Problem & pest
Status
Passion fruit
Woodiness - Passion fruit woodiness virus
Dieback complex/collar rot - Fusarium, Phytophthora
Brown spot - Alternaria passilforae
In Review
Early Draft
Early Draft
Tomato
Bacterial wilt - Ralstonia solanacearum
Root knot - Meloidogyne spp.
Viruses – TYLCV, TMV, TSWV, CMV
In Review
In Review
Early Draft
Banana
Bunchy top – Banana bunchy top virus
Panama disease – Fusarium oxysporum
Final Draft
Final Draft
Onion
Purple blotch - Alternaria porri
Thrips - Thrips tabaci
Neck rot - Botrytis
Downy mildew - Peronospora destructor
In Review
Final Draft
Early Draft
Early Draft
Wide range
Fruit Fly - Bactrocera invadens
- Ceratitis capitata
In Review
In Review
Chili pepper
CMV and other viruses
Final Draft
Long-Term Training
Program
Type
Country
Subject
Makerere
Univ./OSU
Sandwich M.Sc.
Uganda
Virology,
diagnostics
Univ. Dakar/UCDavis
Sandwich M.Sc.
Senegal
Bacteriology,
diagnostics
Jomo
Kenyatta/OSU
Sandwich Ph.D.
Kenya
Virology,
diagnostics
BSMRAU/OSU
Sandwich Ph.D.
Bangladesh
Nematology,
diagnostics
OSU
M.Sc.
Nepal
Diagnostics,
biocontrol
OSU
Ph.D.
Nepal
Diagnostics,
biocontrol
Thank you!
• Ohio State University
• Mark Erbaugh
• Melanie Lewis Ivey
• Fulya Baysal-Gurel
• Nagendra Subedi
• Virginia Tech
• Sue Tolin
• Muni Muniappan
• Doug Pfeiffer, Don Mullins
• George Norton, Jeff Alwang
• Univ. Florida
• Carrie Lapaire Harmon
• Tim Momol, P. Vergot
• Jiannong Xin
• UC-Davis - Bob Gilbertson
• Penn State - Ed Rajotte
• Makerere University – Uganda
• Sam Kyamanywa, Mildred Ochwo-Ssemakula
• Kenya Agricultural Res Inst
• Zachary Kinyua, Monicah Waiganjo
• Sokoine Univ of Agriculture - TZ
• Amon Maerere, Delphina Mamiro
• IITA
• Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Fen Beed
• University of Ghana-Legon
• Eric Cornelius, Rodney Owusu-Darko
• Agroexpertos – Guatemala
• Marco Arevalo
• Univ. del Valle
• Margarita Palmieri
• Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
• Mohan Kumar, Karthi Keyan
• Bangladesh Agricultural Res Inst
• Yousuf Mian, M. Rahman, S. Nahar