CIVITAS PLUS
Sustainable mobility and social
inclusion in Perugia - Italy
Dr Laurie PICKUP
Lucia Cristea
Coimbra, Portugal
Meeting VANGUARD?MODERN workshop on social inclusion
Date 23/24° March 2012
Messages to remember from this presentation
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The mobility system developed in Perugia is innovative
and is producing real changes in mobility behaviour,
positive attitudes to sustainable mobility and significant
latent change – European best practice.
The transport system is designed and operates for the
full social inclusion of its citizens and visitors, in
harmony with the strategic plan for the city region and
the SUMP. A small voluntary sector addresses some
special mobility needs.
The pricing system on public transport is heavily
subsidised and is designed to favour a modal shift to
public transport, with further mobility benefits to the
young and old. There will be future pressure here.
The mobility stakeholders have been reorganised to
meet the challenges but there is less integration with
social policy departments
More needs to be done to understand the mobility
issues faced by marginalised groups and the impacts
that low mobility is having on their life style
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
2. Where is Perugia?
MUNICIPALITY
OF PERUGIA
 Inhabitants: aprox. 160.000
 Surface area: 450 km2
UMBRIA
REGION
 92 Municipalities
 Inhabitants: 843.359
 Surface area: 63.156 km2
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
3. Perugia is historic and steeped in culture
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
Perugia – Urban growth
PERUGIA today
PERUGIA 1925
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2011
5. Who are the Perugini?
Perugia has a social composition and trends
similar to many European cities:
• Balanced population
• High young adult population due to 2
universities
• A mixed working population serving a
regional capital with some mixed light
industry
• Increasing unemployment, particularly
among younger persons
• Rapidly increasing minority of
immigrants from Eastern Europe, North
Africa and South America), many of
whom comprise a growing under-class
(not ghettoised) – and Western European
pensioners in the provincial area
• A transient tourist population
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
Population of Perugia – November 2011
180000
Age
group
160000
140000
0-6
Men
Women
Total
5789 (3%)
5266 (3%)
11055 (7%)
8858 (5%)
8454 (5%)
17312 (10%)
23838 (14%)
23914 (14%)
47752 (28%)
27688 (16%)
30776 (18%)
58464 (34%)
65+
14531 (9%)
20298 (12%)
34829 (21%)
Total
20000
80704 (48%)
88708 (52%)
169412 (100%)
120000
7-18
100000
19-40
80000
41-65
60000
40000
0
0-6
7-18
19-40
Men
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
Women
41-65
Total
65+
Total
Perugia Population
Family size – 72,952 households (average 2.3 persons/HH)
38% - 1 person
14
24% - 2 persons
18% - 3 persons (previously larger and thus ageing) 18
14% - 4 persons
6% - 5 or more persons
Immigrants – May 2011: 16,527 (10% of total population)
55% Eastern European states
14
21% South America
10
10% China and South East Asia
14% Africa
21
Non-registered?
No strong spatial clustering
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
6
38
24
55
Social inclusion in Perugia
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Impact of the economic crisis (Household
expenditure on mobility)
•
Umbria not the most ‘excluded’ of
Italian regions, but there do exist
social issues in the city that the
Comune are addressing:
- Excluded young people as a
result of unemployment
- An under-class of unofficial
migrants
- Rising crime rates associated
with poverty (CBD)
- Insecurity
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
Perceptions of city centre social decay
Citizen survey 2011 (and 2009) – visual perception:
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Drug takers – 46% (66%)
Drug sellers – 55% (61%)
Syringes – 27% (47%)
Vandalism – 42% (43%)
Loud disruptive behaviour – 31% (43%)
Drunks – 22% (24%)
Beggars – NDA (20%)
Fighting – 13% (14%)
Not feeling secure in the city centre – 9% (23%)
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
Perugia strategic plan
2003-2013
7 strategic lines:
• Improve regional accessibility
• Enhance enterprise, innovation
• and internationalisation
• Increase social inclusion, quality of life and security
for citizens
- Priority 1: promote policies and actions for full
inclusion (social solidarity)
- Priority 2: pre-school education (CIVITAS measure)
- Priority 3: support for the elderly (voluntary sector –
AGRADU)
• Revitalise the historic city centre
• Reinforce cultural excellence
• Integrate environment, culture, sport and tourism
• Better regional integration of stakeholders
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
Mobility planning in Perugia
Urban Mobility Plan 2008
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Promote the values of sustainable mobility
Integrate stakeholders (UM and Task Force)
Introduction of Mini-Metro
Full integration of the bus network and escalator
system
• Parking management and enforcement to be
increased
• City centre enforcement to be
completed
• Traffic management and
information to be enhanced
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
Car mobility in Perugia
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High car ownership
Low car occupancy (1.18 persons per car)
Manageable congestion levels
Full urban traffic control system
New systems for VMS information and real
time risk monitoring and signal priority
• Increasing costs since 2008 (motoring and
parking)
• High impacts on low income car users
 Acceptance of park and ride
 Latent desire for car pooling provision
 Less habitual choice of cars for trip making
 Desire to be ‘greener’
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
Escalator and lift modes in the city
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
Perugia
Malmo,Result
30/09/2010
CIVITAS
Workshop l 13th of September, 2011 l Brussels l Lucia
Perugia
Medieval walls
Malmo,Result
30/09/2010
CIVITAS
Workshop
l 13th of
September,
2011 l Brussels l Lucia
RENAISSANCE
l 12/11/2008
l Stefania
Papa
Bus and rail provision
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
How mode use has changed 2008-2012
Number of passengers
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
2006
Bus (Millions)
2007
2008
Escalators and lifts (Millions)
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
2009
2010
Minimetro (millions)
% Changes in attitudes to mobility 2008-2012 –
car drivers
Top 2 quintiles
2009
2012
I behave in an
environmentally
friendly way
83
89
My next car will be
greener
67
61
I simply take the car
every day
50
44
Choose daily which
mode to use
26
50
Access to public
transport in
residential choice
52
64
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
% Changes in attitudes to mobility 2008-2012 –
car drivers
Top 2 quintiles
2009
2012
Priority parking for
green cars
42
51
Bus priority at
junctions
28
43
Support the limited
traffic zone (LTZ)
66
70
Parking fares are
reasonable
14
8
Public transport is
cheaper than cars
50
39
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
Inclusive mobility policies
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Ability - Access to mobility
modes and facilities
Opportunity - Access to activities
- Physical
- Virtual
Economic access
Overcoming social and
psychological barriers to access
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
Access to mobility modes and facilities
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The Mini-Metro/ escalator /lift
system is fully accessible
Interchanges fully accessible
Priority parking spaces and
assistance for disabled in key
locations
Buses are clean fuel but not low
floor access
New trains have low floor access
New navigable city centre routes
for blind persons
High penetration of internet
access apart from among
marginalised groups
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
Access to activities
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Access to education is guaranteed through
dedicated clean bus vehicles and regular services.
School ‘rush hours’ are the primary congestion
periods.
Access to employment (locations/hours)
- Municipality, Provincia, Regione employees
- Two universities
- Access to light industrial and retail centres
- No specific mobility schemes for job search
- CIVITAS Internet measure on employment and
professional ‘notice boards’
Access to shopping and retail centres
- City centre (new market development)
- Periphery
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
Economic access
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Heavily subsidised public transport for all
(increasing patronage)
- UNICO Perugia (UP) ticket
- Monthly season tickets
- No daily ticket
- No concessions for disabled of working age, carers
or job seekers
Free and subsidised mobility for the young and old
Free escalator/lift system
Car costs increasing (running, insurance,
maintenance etc.)
Parking charges and enforcement increasing with
the demand management policy
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
Overcoming social and psychological barriers to
access in Perugia
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‘Trapped’ communities and marginalised
groups.
Prevents a normal level of engagement
City centre limited traffic zone (LTZ) effective
in improving crime management and safety
perception
Improvements to the safety and security of
bus stop environments and interchanges,
including Wi-Fi access
City gradients remain an issue for the more
frail pedestrians (fear of falling and injury)
Privacy remains an important issue for car
drivers
Dependency - Reliance on extended family for
mobility support
Fear of discrimination among some immigrant
communities
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
Perugia – Urban growth
PERUGIA today
PERUGIA 1925
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2011
Messages to remember from this presentation
•
•
•
•
•
The mobility system developed in Perugia is innovative
and is producing real changes in mobility behaviour,
positive attitudes to sustainable mobility and significant
latent change – European best practice.
The transport system is designed and operates for the
full social inclusion of its citizens and visitors, in
harmony with the strategic plan for the city region and
the SUMP. A small voluntary sector addresses some
special mobility needs.
The pricing system on public transport is heavily
subsidised and is designed to favour a modal shift to
public transport, with further mobility benefits to the
young and old. There will be future pressure here.
The mobility stakeholders have been reorganised to
meet the challenges but there is less integration with
social policy departments
More needs to be done to understand the mobility
issues faced by marginalised groups and the impacts
that low mobility is having on their life style
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012
Thank you
laurie.pickup@eiproject.eu
lucia.cristea@eiproject.eu
Coimbra, 23/24 March, 2012