Country report: Peru
Present situation and perspectives of
energy use in Peru (update)
Manfred Horn
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería
Lima, Peru
mhorn@uni.edu.pe
Initial version presented at Energy Project Workshop
Bogota, Colombia, Dec. 6-7, 2010
The official Government policy
2020
Change of energy matrix
Objetivo
2010
al 2008
33%
33%
34%
27%
2000
Antes de Camisea
Petróleo
Gas Natural + LGN
Energías Renovable
56%
17%
Petróleo
27%
24%
69%
Petróleo
Gas Natural + LGN
Energías Renovables
56%
7%
17%
% Percentage of commercial energy
http://www.minem.gob.pe/
Gas Natural +
LGN
Energías
Renovables
•
Hidroenergía
•
Biocombustibles
•
Energía no
Convencionales
412 MW renewable electricity generation
The Peruvian government has signed contracts in 2010 with a
number of companies for 26 green energy projects which will see a
combined investment of US$1bn. The contracts are the result of the
first renewable energy auction in Peru, which took place in February
2010.
The 26 energy projects will generate a combined 412 megawatts
(MW) in green energy, including
162MW of hydropower, 142MW of wind power, 80MW of solar
power and 27MW of biomass.
The projects are required to enter operation by December 31 2012
and to provide electricity for 20 years. The contracts include clauses
for the electricity generators to sell the power produced to Peru's
electricity distributors.
Master Plan for Rural Electrification by enewable Energy
280 000 households are
planned for renewable
energy electrification,
mostly with PV
Six IANAS project priority areas:
• Meeting the energy needs of the poorest people
• Improving energy efficiency from energy sources
to end uses
• Building the necessary human, educational and
institutional capacity
• Raising the consciousness of the need for a sustainable
future
• Expanding the contribution of renewable energy
• Drafting a balanced bioenergy roadmap that includes
advanced technologies
Priority areas in Peru where the science community can give a mayor contribution
Activities of the Peruvian
Academy of Sciences,
in the area of energy
2009: seminar on
wind energy
2010: seminar on
efficient energy use
2011 (July 1):
seminar on solar energy
Workshop on energy efficiency
Six research proposals:
Necessity: Coordination with other institutions
www.elecsolrural.org
http://fc.uni.edu.pe/riasef
Example: Pico Photovoltaics
Electricity consumed per household (kWh/month)
2008
262 kWh/month
1.61
1.26
Millones
usuarios
12 kWh/month
Millones
usuarios
1-30 kWh
31-100 kWh
Más de 101 kWh
1.36
Millones
usuarios
National monthly mean: 123 kWh/month
Fuente: Anuarios OSINERGMIN 2007 -2008
61 kWh/month
2nd Symposium Small PV-Applications, Ulm, Germany, June 6 -7, 2011
Pico PV in Peru
Laboratory tests of LED lamps
for Pico PV Systems
Manfred Horn
National Engineering University, Lima, Peru
mhorn@uni.edu.pe
http://fc.uni.edu-pe/mhorn
• Why Pico PV in Peru?
• Laboratory tests
• Conclusions
Some general data:
Peru
Area 1,3 x 10 6 km2 (60% jungle)
Population 29 x 10 6 (30% poor)
GDP/capita
$ 5000
Electrification
80 %
Electricity consumption 1000 kWh/cap year
Electricity consumption (referential) in rural regions for the
group with a monthly mean consumption of 12 kWh. Main
use is the illumination with incandescent lamps (10 lm/W)
50 W X 4 hours x 30 days = 6 kWh
50 W X 3 hours x 30 days = 4.5 kWh
10 W X 5 hours x 30 days = 1.5 kWh
TOTAL
= 12 kWh/month
Pico – Photovoltaic systems
Tecnology (june. 2011)
- PV panels of 1 – 5 W
- Li- Ion batteries incorporated ( ~ 10 Wh)
- LED lamps (50000 h;100 - 130 lm/W);
- other uses: radio, celular phone charger, etc.
- Cost < 100 $
- > 5 - 10 h light per day
With incandescent light bulbs (11 lm/W) and 10 kWh/month
of electricity, one gets a luminous energy of 110 klmh/month.
Using good LEDs (110 lm/W), one gets the same luminous
energy with 1 kWh/month of electricity, produced with a
5 – 10 Wp PV panel.
Therefore, a Pico PV system can produce practically the same
benefits that have people in rural areas connected to the
grid, but at a much lower cost.
Based on these arguments, the Peruvian Government started in 2010
a pilot project with the goal to install 50 000 Pico PV systems. As the first
step , and with the support of GIZ, 11 different LED lamps were
tested in the laboratory, with the results shown next.
As a next step, a field test with 100 – 200 families will be made
using the lamps with the best laboratory results, before, finally,
implementing the main project.
Important:
quality control
Barriers
• There exist few “experts” in solar energy in Peru
(one year postgraduate trainig program SEPES at UNI, since 1980)
• The responsible people at the government , municipalities, etc. have
little technical knowledge about PV
• Missing quality control (Solar Lab – UNI)
Conclusion: we need more training programs and
more quality control
Other example for research and technology development
-
Bioclimatic houses
Urgent:
Improvement of the rural houses in
the high Andes region (very low
temperatures)
Good examples:
• Espinar, Cusco
(Missioners Belén-Immensee)
• Raymina, Vilcashuamán,
Ayacucho ( CER-UNI)
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TECNOLOGICAL BASIS FOR A PRODUCTIVE AND
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE COMMUNITY OF SAN FRANCISCO DE RAYMINA
IN VILCAS HUAMÁN-AYACUCHO - PERU
Rafael Espinoza – Manfred Horn
CER – UNI (Lima / Peru)
Objective
To improve the quality of life of the members of the community,
implementing production lines, using their native products and clean
technologies with renewable energies, mainly solar energy.
•
•
•
•
•
Cheese production
Ecological tourism
Improved stoves
Green houses
etc.
Results
 Se cuenta con 15000 plantones de pino y eucalipto en etapa de
crecimiento dentro de 3 invernaderos tipo túnel construidos.
 Masa crítica de comuneros con mayor y mejor conocimiento del
desarrollo de los procesos productivos de los principales recursos
de su comunidad.
 Respuesta positiva y opiniones favorables de las 15 personas, entre
nacionales y extranjeros, que fungieron de turistas. Dieron muestra
de grata impresión por la organización comunal y los atractivos
naturales.
 Participación comunal e integración en tres núcleos productivos
con responsabilidades específicas.
 Autoselección de 10 familias como primeros beneficiarios de los
fogones mejorados, sobre la base de criterios establecidos en
reunión comunal.
Lecciones aprendidas
 Innovar procedimientos de transferencia de información conceptual
o tecnológica que permitan vencer barreras culturales y
comunicativas (efecto de lengua materna diferente).
 Necesidad de identificar compatibilidad del concepto de recursos
renovables
con la cosmovisión tradicional andina a través de la
construcción y fortalecimiento de relaciones paritarias Equipo Comunidad.
Challenges
 Armonizar costumbres, visiones y culturas bajo
un marco de mutuo respeto.
Principales Obstáculos:
 Generar la participación voluntaria, interesada
y firmemente comprometida con objetivos
grupales y comunales.
 Dotar de sostenibilidad a todas las actividades
productivas implantadas .
Muchas gracias por su atención ……..