The State of Open Access
Publishing and Open Access
Repositories in Africa
Iryna Kuchma
EIFL Open Access programme manager
Africa Day for Librarians, November 9, 2010, Nordic Africa Institute Library,
Uppsala, Sweden
Attribution 3.0 Unported
Who we are
EIFL is an international not-for-profit
organisation with a base in Europe and a
global network of partners
EIFL partners in Africa
Botswana, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali,
Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa,
Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia &
Zimbabwe
Forthcoming partners: Algeria, Burkina Faso,
Burundi, Ivory Cost, Morocco, Tunisia
Our mission
Enabling access to knowledge through libraries
in developing and transition countries to
contribute to sustainable economic and social
development
Core initiatives
Access to Knowledge for Education, Learning
and Research
EIFL Open access, EIFL Consortium management,
EIFL-Licensing, EIFL-IP, EIFL-FOSS
Access to Knowledge for Sustainable
Livelihoods
EIFL-PLIP: Public Library Innovation Program
EIFL OA
We advocate for the adoption of open access
policies and mandates by research funding
agencies, universities and research
organizations nationally and internationally
We build capacities to launch open access
repositories, and to ensure their long-term
sustainability
EIFL OA (2)
We empower library professionals, scholars,
educators and students to become open
access advocates
We offer training, support knowledge sharing,
and provide expertise on open access
policies and practices (journals and
repositories)
EIFL OA (3)
41 workshops in 27 countries with participants
from over 52 countries (awareness raising,
advocacy and capacity building, 2008-2010)
18 open access mandates (China, Lithuania,
Poland, Russia, Slovenia, South Africa & Ukraine)
270 open repositories in 39 countries
2,371 open access journals published in the
EIFL network
EIFL OA (4)
Report on Open Repository Development in
Developing and Transition countries
(EIFL, the University of Kansas Libraries, the DRIVER
project and Key Perspectives Ltd)
http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/services/eifl-oa/oa-news/2010_07_05_report-on-open
Report on the implementation of open content
licenses in developing and transition
countries
http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/services/eifl-oa/oa-news/2010_07_09_report-on-implementation
Context
Current research dissemination practices do not
adequately meet the needs of all
stakeholders
Millions of educators and researchers, small
businesses, students, physicians and clinicians,
patients and their families, and others are
without affordable access to the quality
research information.
Context (2)
How existing scientific research into malnutrition,
hunger, agriculture, tropical and neglected diseases
can be used to shape more effective government
policies achieving the health and other outcomes
stipulated by the UN MDGs?
Research outputs needs to be more accessible and
more visible locally and globally to contribute to
solving local and global problems.
Indigenous content and knowledge needs to be
preserved to enrich the new generations.
How to motivate more knowledge sharing in research?
Nadia Manning-Thomas, a Knowledge Sharing
in Research Specialist with the CGIAR ICT-KM
Program, hosted by ILRI in Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia:
What benefit do YOU perceive or have YOU
received from making your research
information more available, accessible, and
applicable?
How to motivate more knowledge sharing in research?
(2)
Could/has it enhanced your publication record?
Could/has it made you more well known in your field or for
your work?
Does it make your project/Institute more visible?
Does it improve your research because you also get more
information freely available?
Does it make your partnerships and collaborative efforts
better because partners can access information better?
Does it create any impact from your project?
Does it fulfil a requirement by donors to your
institute/projects?
Open Access in Africa
Botswana Libraries Consortium
Open access repository of the University of Botswana
http://www.ubrisa.ub.bw/
Burkina Faso: Conseil Africain et Malgache de
l'Enseignement Supérieur in Burkina Faso: the
articles of the Revue pharmacopée et médecine
traditionnelle africaines (Journal of Traditional
African Pharmacopeia and Medicine) and the theses
and dissertations of the universities and research
centres; and Universite Polytechnique de BoboDioulasso – research reports and theses and
dissertations
Open Access in Africa (2)
Consortium of Cameroon University and Research
Libraries (COCUREL)
An open access project with the Ministry of public
health on the issue of reproductive health (santé de
reproduction): 845 thesis from the Universities and
other research institutes in Cameroon, will be
available in open access soon
The University of Buea and the University of Yaounde
plan open access repositories
Open Access in Africa (3)
Egypt: 7 open access repositories: British University in
Egypt, Cairo University, Bibliotheca Alexandrina
Digital Assets Repository (DAR), University of
Mansoura, Institutional Digital Repository For Library
and Information Department at Faculty of Arts,
Menofia University, American University in
CairoDigital Archive and Research Repository, ARLIS
(Arab Repository for Library and Information Studies)
at the Helwan University; 10 open access journals
Hindawi Publishing Corporation is a rapidly growing
academic publisher with 200+ Open Access journals
http://www.hindawi.com/
Open Access in Africa (4)
Consortium of Ethiopian Academic and Research
Libraries (CEARL)
2 open access institutional repositories: Addis Ababa
University Libraries, Addis Ababa University:
http://etd.aau.edu.et; International Livestock Research
Institute – Ethiopia: http://dspace.ilri.org:8080/jspui
6 open access journals: The Ethiopian Journal of Health
Development http://ajol.info/index.php/ejhd; Bulletin of the
Chemical Society of Ethiopia http://ajol.info/index.php/bcse; The
Ethiopian Journal of Education and Sciences
http://ajol.info/index.php/ejesc; Momona Ethiopian Journal of
Science http://ajol.info/index.php/mejs; Journal of Business and
Administrative Studies http://ajol.info/index.php/jbas; Mizan Law
Review http://ajol.info/index.php/mlr
Open Access in Africa (5)
Consortium of Academic and Research Libraries in
Ghana (CARLIGH): Open access repository
KNUSTSpace http://dspace.knust.edu.gh/;
Installation and troubleshooting of Dspace
repositories: University of Cape Coast, University for
Development Studies, University for Education
Winneba, Pentecost University and Ashesi University
4 open access journals: Etude de la Population Africaine/African
Population Studies http://www.bioline.org.br/ep; the West African
Journal of Applied Ecology http://ajol.info/index.php/wajae; The
Ghana Medical Journal http://ajol.info/index.php/gmj; Studies in
Gender and Development in Africa http://ajol.info/index.php/sigada
Open Access in Africa (6)
Ivory Cost: 3 open access journals:
African Journal of Neurological Sciences
http://ajol.info/index.php/ajns;
Sciences & Nature http://ajol.info/index.php/scinat;
Afrique Science: Revue Internationale des Sciences et
Technologie http://www.afriquescience.info
Open Access in Africa (7)
Kenya Libraries and Information Services Consortium
(KLISC)
2 open access repositories: Sudan Open Archive (SOA):
http://www.sudanarchive.net/ and Mahider:
http://dspace.ilri.org:8080/jspui/ International Livestock
Research Institute (ILRI), Kenya
10 open access journals: African Journal of Food, Agriculture and
Development, East African Orthopaedic Journal, African Journal of
Health Sciences, African Journal of Science and Technology (AJST),
KCA Journal of Business Management, The East African Medical
Journal, The African Journal of Biotechnology, African Journal of
Science and Technology The Journal of Food Technology in Africa,
Thought & Practice
Open Access in Africa (8)
Lesotho Library Consortium (LELICO):
Is Open Access to information through libraries on the
agenda at the African Union when it comes to
assessing countries’ development under the African
Peer Review Mechanisms? – asks Matseliso M.
(Tseli) Moshoeshoe-Chadzingwa, National University
of Lesotho, EIFL country coordinator in Lesotho and
EIFL Advisory Board member, in her paper presented
at the IFLA conference, 10-15 August 2010:
http://www.ifla.org/files/hq/papers/ifla76/146chadzingwa-en.pdf
Open Access in Africa (9)
Malawi Library and Information Consortium (MALICO)
Open access journal: Malawi Medical Journal
http://ajol.info/index.php/mmj
Consortium Malien des Bibliothèques (COMBI)
2 open access journals: Recherches africaines
http://www.recherches-africaines.net/ and Mali
Medical http://www.malimedical.org/
Open Access in Africa (10)
Nigerian University Libraries Consortium
Open access repository DSpace at University of JOS:
http://dspace.unijos.edu.ng/; 10 open access journals in
Biloine International: http://www.bioline.org.br/journals;
107 open access journals published by Academic
Journals:
http://www.academicjournals.org/journals.htm; 12 open
access Journals in African Journals Online: African Journal of
Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, The African Journal of Oral Health,
The Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine, The African Journal of
Applied Zoology and Environmental Biology, the Journal of Agricultural
Extension, International Journal of Health Research, African Journal of
Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, OGIRISI: a New Journal of
African Studies, Edo Journal of Counseling, Jos Journal of Medicine,
Journal of Surgical Technique and Case Report, Journal of the Nigerian
Optometric Association
Open Access in Africa (11)
Consortium des Bibliothèques de l’Enseignement
Supérieur du Sénégal (COBESS)
Open access repository Biens Culturels Africains, l'IFAN
http://bca.ucad.sn/jspui/
Open access journals:
10 journals published by CODESTRIA
http://www.codesria.org/spip.php?rubrique79&lang
=fr
Afrika Statistika http://ajol.info/index.php/afst
Open Access in Africa (12)
South African National Library and Information
Consortium (SANLiC)
27 open access repositories
IRSpace - Search South African & African research
repositories
SciELO South Africa: 10 OA journals
http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?lng=en
31 OA journals published by Open Journals
http://openjournals.net/
Open Access in Africa (13)
University of Pretoria (UP) open access (OA) institutionalmandate:
To assist the University of Pretoria in providing open access
to scholarly articles resulting from research done at the
University, supported by public funding, staff and students are
required to:
submit peer-reviewed postprints + the metadata of their
articles to UPSpace, the University’s institutional repository, AND
give the University permission to make the content freely
available and to take necessary steps to preserve files in
perpetuity.
Postprints are to be submitted immediately upon acceptance
for publication.
Open Access in Africa (14)
University of Pretoria (UP) open access (OA) institutionalmandate (cont.):
Access to the full text of articles will be subject to publisher
permissions. Access will not be provided if permission is in doubt or
not available. In such cases, an abstract will be made available for
external internet searches to achieve maximum research visibility.
Access to the full text will be suppressed for a period if such an
embargo is prescribed by the publisher or funder.
The University of Pretoria strongly recommends that transfer of
copyright be avoided. Researchers are encouraged to negotiate
copyright terms with publishers when the publisher does not allow
archiving, reuse and sharing. This can be done by adding the official UP
author addendum to a publishing contract.
The University of Pretoria encourages its authors to publish their
research articles in open access journals that are accredited.
Open Access in Africa (15)
The UP Open Scholarship Programme: To change
scholarship practice at UP towards becoming an Open
Scholarship institution
1. Theses and dissertations are available online and open access
based on a policy of mandatory submission
2. Research and conference papers are available online and open
access and researchers actively contribute based on a policy
of mandatory submission
3. Researchers and students actively use open access material
4. Researchers publish in available open access journals and the
institution has policy and financial support in place for that
Open Access in Africa (16)
5. Researchers actively manage the copyright of their
publications, inter alia with addenda to their contracts
or using Creative Commons contracts, and the
necessary policy exists
6. Publications from the institution's press/publishing house
are available in open access based on policy
7. The institution publishes its own online open access
journals OR provides infrastructure and support for
members of its community who are involved with
society publishing
8. Dissemination forms part of its publication strategies
http://www.library.up.ac.za/openup/
Open Access in Africa (17)
South Africa: Open access to books: The HSRC Press (in the
Human Sciences Research Council) is a publisher of
books and reports on the social sciences in Africa. It
has a dual-stream strategy with open access full text
online and print copies for sale www.hsrcpress.ac.za
Open educational resources: The University of Cape Town
launched the Open Content initiative in February 2010
as the first step in the implementation of the UCT
strategy for OER, open online research resources and
open theses and dissertations, in 2009
Open Access in Africa (18)
Consortium for Tanzania Universities and Research
Libraries (COTUL)
3 open access journals in Bioline International and
DOAJ: East African Journal of Public HealthJ: ,
Tanzania Health Research Bulletin continued by
Tanzania Journal of Health Research; 3 other open
access journals in African Journals Online: The
Tanzania Veterinary Journal (The Tropical
Veterinarian); The Western Indian Ocean Journal of
Marine Science; Dar Es Salaam Medical Students'
Journal
Open Access in Africa (19)
Zambia Library Consortium (ZALICO)
a repository is being set up at Copperbelt University
Open access journal: The Medical Journal of Zambia
http://ajol.info/index.php/mjz
Zimbabwe University Libraries Consortium (ZULC)
2 open access repositories: NUST
http://library.nust.ac.zw/gsdl/cgi-bin/library and the
University of Zimbabwe: http://ir.uz.ac.zw:8080/jspui/
Open Repository Development
Report on Open Repository Development in
Developing and Transition countries
(EIFL, the University of Kansas Libraries, the DRIVER
project and Key Perspectives Ltd)
http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/services/eifl-oa/oa-news/2010_07_05_report-on-open
Motivations
83% to increase the visibility of the institution's
research output
66% to provide free access to the institution's
research output
62% to preserve the institution's research
output
Motivations (2)
35% the repository was set up to help evaluate
researchers and departments
34% the repository was set up in response to
requests from faculty
Stimulants
57% Increased visibility and citations for the
publications of the academics in our institution
32% Simple and user-friendly depositing process
32% Institutional policy of mandatory depositing
32% Awareness-raising efforts among the academics
Stimulants (2)
27% Interest from the decision makers within
institution
16% The requirements of research-funding
organisations in our country regarding depositing
research output in Open Access repositories
14% Policy to safeguard the long-term preservation of
the deposited material
11% Institutional policy of accountability
11% Integration/linking of the digital repository with
other systems in our institution
Inhibitors
49% Lack of an institutional policy of mandatory
depositing
40% Lack of requirements of research funding
organisations in our country regarding depositing
research output in Open Access repositories
33% Lack of interest from the decision makers
Inhibitors (2)
33% The situation with regard to copyright of (to be)
published materials and the knowledge about this
among academics in our institution
30% Lack of an institutional policy of accountability
Lack of awareness-raising efforts among the
academics in our institution
21% Lack of coordination of a national body for digital
repositories
Some other findings
The responses show an increasing rate of growth of
repositories over the last several years, and indicate
that these repositories are for the most part very
new services.
Libraries play a major role in advocating and
maintaining repositories.
Electronic theses and dissertations are the most
common type of material in the responding
institutions' repositories. Other common material
includes full-text of research articles as peerreviewed postprints, journals published from the
institution, and conference papers.
Some other findings (2)
The majority of participating institutions (56%) stated
that less than 25% of the researchers or faculty
members at their institutions have deposited
material in the repository.
For almost one third (29%) of participating institutions
the picture is a bit better – between 25 and 50%.
9% indicated that between 75-99% and 4% indicated
between 50-75%.
One institution indicated that 100% of the researchers
or faculty members have deposited material in the
repository (this institution has an OA mandate).
Some other findings (3)
About two-thirds of the participating institutions use
some form of mediated deposit in which staff
members or librarians are directly involved in the
deposit of materials into the repository.
Challenges
Major challenge: Content recruitment (42%)
Challenges:
50% Engendering faculty awareness and engagement
46% Securing adequate funding and other resources
42% Copyright issues
41% Communicating with faculty about the repository
35% Integrating the repository into workflow and
other existing structures
31% Staffing issues
EIFL in COAR
Working Groups 1. Repository content
Objective: Populate repositories with content: Collect,
assemble and disseminate best practices for the
inception, operation and growth of OA repositories.
Chair: Kathleen Shearer, CARL, Canada
Co-Chair: Neil Jacobs, JISC, Great Britain
EIFL in COAR (2)
Working Groups 3. Repository and Repository
Networks Support & Training
Objective: Support regional and national repository
initiatives; promote the repository manager
profession
Chair: Iryna Kuchma, EIFL; Co-Chair: Marjan Vernooy, SURF,
Netherlands
Members: Neil Jacobs, JISC, Great Britain; Gyöngyi
Karacsony, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Ikuko
Tsuchide, DRF, Japan; Kathleen Shearer, CARL, Canada;
Paola Bongiovani, MinCyT, Argentina; Anja Oberländer,
University of Constance, Germany; Marnix van Berchum,
SURF, Netherlands; Alenka Kavcic, NUK, Slovenia
Plans
Regional workshop on the Benefits of Open
Access for Research Dissemination, Usage,
Visibility and Impact
UNESCO, in collaboration with the Academy of
Science of South Africa and EIFL
Pretoria (South Africa), the 22nd and 23rd of
November 2010
Plans (2)
ISTeMag project coordinated by the Free
University of Brussels
Algeria: Université M'Hamed Bougara de Boumerdes,
Université Hadj Lakhdar de Batna, Université Aboubekr
Belkaid Tlemcen, Centre Recherche sur l'Information
scientifique et technique, Ministère de l'Enseignement
et de la Recherche Scientifique;
Morocco: Université Hassan II Casablanca, Université Cadi
Ayyad Marrakech, Université Mohammed V – Souissi;
Tunisia: Université de Monastir, Université de Gafsa,
Université de Sfax
Thank you!
Questions?
iryna.kuchma[@]eifl.net
http://www.eifl.net
Attribution 3.0 Unported