Contrail: SLAs for Cloud Federations
Lorenzo Blasi, Hewlett Packard
Lorenzo.blasi@hp.com
contrail is co-funded by the EC 7th
Framework Programme under
Grant Agreement nr. 257438
© Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
1
contrail-project.eu
Agenda
•
•
•
•
Contrail project scope
Contrail SLA research outcomes
Contrail expected uptake
Recommendations for SIG group
© Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
2
contrail-project.eu
CONTRAIL at a glance
• FP7 Call 5 Integrated Project
– 11.4 M€ budget & 8.3 M€ EC funding
• Title
– Open Computing Infrastructures for Elastic Services
• Duration
– 36 months (Started on October 2010) – Currently at month 32
• Consortium
– Led by INRIA
– Six industrial partners: XLAB , GENIAS, CONST, LINAGORA, HP and TISCALI (first four are SME)
– Five academic partners: INRIA, CNR, ZIB, VUA and STFC
– Six EU countries: France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Slovenia and the UK
© Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
3
contrail-project.eu
Objectives: Elastic PaaS Services over a
Federation of IaaS Clouds
ConPaaS Elastic Services
•
•
•
•
Cloud Federation
Web applications
Bag of Tasks
MapReduce
SQL & NoSQL
•
•
•
•
Courtesy of Dr. Massimo Coppola – CNR Italy
4
Interoperability
Advanced SLA
Security
Scalability
contrail-project.eu
Contrail Federation Model
• Is based on SLAs and
• Aims at coordinating deployment and management of
application on multiple clouds
• Each user/app could exploit more providers
Application
Contrail Federation
A
Resource
Provider
A
Storage
Provider
A
Resource
Provider
Network
Provider
A
Public
Cloud
Storage
Provider
Courtesy of Dr. Massimo Coppola – CNR Italy
5
contrail-project.eu
SLA Interaction Model
• User negotiates a
SLA with the
Federation
Cloud user
SLAfe
d
Contrail Federation Layer
• Federation
negotiates SLAs
with one or more
providers (on behalf
of the user)
SLA1
SLAn
Contrail Provider Layer
Provider P1
Contrail Provider Layer
Provider Pn
Contrail Resource Layer
PaaS1
…
Contrail Resource Layer
IaaS1
© Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
6
contrail-project.eu
PaaSn
IaaSn
Open Source Contrail Software
 Open source cloud software
• Three Contrail releases so far (1.0, 1.1, 1.2) and two on the way
•
•
•
Licenses: BSD and Apache 2.0
Packages: http://contrail.projects.ow2.org/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Download
Sources on OW2: http://www.ow2.org/view/ActivitiesDashboard/Contrail
• Releases of single Contrail components
•
•
•
ConPaaS elastic cloud services: http://www.conpass.eu
Virtual Execution Platform: http://vep.gforge.inria.fr
XtreemFS distributed cloud storage: www.xtreemfs.org
 Compliance with cloud standards
OVF (for application description), CIMI (for IaaS providers)
OCCI (planned,for IaaS providers), WS-Agreement (by reusing SLA@SOI)
 Cloud platforms supported now:
next:
© Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
7
contrail-project.eu
Main Contrail SLA research outcomes /1
• SLA Quality Model
– classification of terms
observable
• unobservable/observable/enforceable
• static/dynamic (wrt time)
unobservable
enforceable
– definition of Contrail SLA terms
– implementation of basic terms (e.g. geographical location)
– definition of advanced QoP terms (e.g. minimum_LoA)
• Monitoring
– architecture and implementation of monitoring for a federation of
clouds (based on AMQP messaging domains and xdomain gateways)
© Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
8
contrail-project.eu
Main Contrail SLA research outcomes /2
• SLA Specification
– based on SLA@SOI syntax
– extended to
• reference and use a standard OVF descriptor to specify the IaaS service
• express guarantees about items specified in OVF (e.g. VirtualSystems)
• fit the pricing model defined for generating automatic quotations
• SLA Negotiation
– Implementation of automated SLA offer generation for a Cloud provider
– Defined pricing data model to support providers' automatic quotations
– Implementation of federation negotiation with multiple providers
– Implementation of selection of best SLA offer according to user criteria
© Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
9
contrail-project.eu
Main Contrail SLA research outcomes /3
• SLA Lifecycle
– based on SLA@SOI framework with some differences,
such as
• service provisioning based on OVF and separated from SLA agreement
• definition of two different SLA types: generic and specific
– use of SLAs for Cloud federations
• Cloud brokering (with automatic Provider selection)
• Cloud aggregation (application distribution over multiple providers)
– research on SLA splitting
• Introduced it as a new concept
• Classification and analysis of three types of splitting strategies
© Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
10
contrail-project.eu
Added value of Contrail approach:
Federation as a Virtualization of Clouds
• Contrail Federations relieve the user from managing cloud
providers
• Worldwide Clouds made possible
• Comparing SLAs and selecting the best provider opens new
Cloud mediators market
• Automatic SLA negotiation allows Cloud providers to
personalize their offer
• Enhanced Dependability with respect to Clouds today
– Common, pervasive security infrastructure
• X.509 certificates, SSL for communication, UCON policies, …
– Specific Quality of Protection SLA terms
• location, reliability, delegationSecurity, minimum_LoA, …
© Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
11
contrail-project.eu
SLA
SLA
SLA
SLA
SLA
SLA
SLAs in Contrail are the main pillars
for Cloud Federations
Federation
• Federation: abstraction of providers
– SLA+OVF is a unified way for expressing
user requirements
• QoS/QoP requested by each customers can be
satisfied irrespective of the provider
• Federation: broker of providers
A
Federation
B
Cloud B
– Provider selection is based on SLAs
• new market and business model for intermediate players
• Federation: small providers can join forces
C
– SLA splitting allows distributing application over multiple providers
• cross-provider enforcement strategies also made possible
© Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
12
C
A
contrail-project.eu
B
Follow-up activities / uptake of results
• The SLA component in association with the Federation raised some
attention internally in HP and we are currently following up to
propose the solution to potentially interested customers
• A public event is being planned in HP Italy for September 2013 to
propose Cloud solutions to customers, with Contrail as central
subject of the event
• Contacts are also underway with people from other EU projects (pmedicine) interested in the topic of SLA and OpenStack
• Some FP7 Call 8 projects (e.g. CloudScale and PaaSage) indicated
the reuse of Contrail software as a concrete possibility
• Several projects proposals involving reuse and /or building upon
Contrail have been presented in recent EU calls
• All Contrail partners have a serious plan for the exploitation of
project results
© Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
13
contrail-project.eu
Potential recommendations
• Targeting and sustaining the federation of small
Cloud providers is a way for raising at a worldwide
level the competitiveness of European Cloud market
• Cloud providers should enrich their offer of SLA
Terms beyond availability, especially targeting QoP
terms such as location and others
• QoP research can still progress further and must be
sustained
© Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
14
contrail-project.eu
contrail is co-funded by the
http://contrail-project.eu
EC 7th Framework Programme
Funded under: FP7 (Seventh Framework Programme)
Area: Internet of Services, Software & Virtualization (ICT2009.1.2)
Project reference: FP7-IST-257438
Total cost: 11,29 million euro
EU contribution: 8,3 million euro
Execution: From 2010-10-01 till 2013-09-30
Duration: 36 months
Contract type: Collaborative project (generic)
© Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
15
contrail-project.eu
Related publications
• Roberto G. Cascella, Lorenzo Blasi, Yvon Jegou, Massimo Coppola, and Christine Morin.
Contrail: Distributed application deployment under sla in federated heterogeneous clouds.
In Alex Galis and Anastasius Gavras, editors, The Future Internet, volume 7858 of Lecture
Notes in Computer Science, pages 91–103. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.
• Coppola, M.; Dazzi, P.; Lazouski, A.; Martinelli, F.; Mori, P.; Jensen, J.; Johnson, I.; Kershaw, P.;
The CONTRAIL Approach to Cloud Federations. Proceedings of The International Symposium
on Grids and Clouds (ICGC 2012). 26 February-2 March. Taipei, Taiwan. Published online at
http://pos.sissa.it/cgi-bin/reader/conf.cgi?confid=153, id.19
• Emanuele Carlini, Massimo Coppola, Patrizio Dazzi, Laura Ricci, Giacomo Righetti, Cloud
Federations in Contrail. Euro-Par'11 Proceedings of the 2011 international conference on
Parallel Processing, pp. 159-168, Springer-Verlag. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-29737-3_19
• Roberto G. Cascella, Christine Morin, Piyush Harsh, and Yvon Jegou. Contrail: a reliable and
trustworthy cloud platform. EWDCC '12 Proceedings of the 1st European Workshop on
Dependable Cloud Computing. DOI: 10.1145/2365316.2365322
• Blasi, L., Savola, R., Abie, H., Rotondi, D., Applicability of Security Metrics for Adaptive
Security Management in a Universal Banking Hub System. ECSA '10 Proceedings of the
Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume. ISBN: 978-14503-0179-4
© Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
16
contrail-project.eu
© Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
17
contrail-project.eu