ROS
Robot Operating System
Sistemi RealTime
Prof. Davide Brugali
Università degli Studi di Bergamo
Sviluppo di un sistema composto da tre nodi
velocity_keyboard
Implementato da noi
VelocityCmd
velocity_controller
Implementato da noi
Twist
turtlesim
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ROS Tutorial
Fornito con ROS
Workspace di sviluppo per ROS
mobile_robot /
src /
CMakeLists.txt
build /
devel /
Workspace
-- WORKSPACE
-- SOURCE SPACE (contains the packages)
-- The 'toplevel' CMake file
-- BUILD SPACE CATKIN_IGNORE
-- DEVELOPMENT SPACE
CMakeList.txt
/ ROS-Tutorial /mobile_robot/
http://wiki.ros.org/catkin/Tutorials/create_a_workspace
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ROS Tutorial
Workspace
$ mkdir ~ / ROS-Tutorial / mobile_robot / src
$ cd ~ / ROS-Tutorial / mobile_robot / src
$ catkin_init_workspace
$ cd ~ / ROS-Tutorial / mobile_robot
$ catkin_make
$ source devel / setup.bash
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ROS Tutorial
ROS Packages
 Software in ROS is organized in packages. A package might contain
ROS nodes, a ROS-independent library, a dataset, configuration files,
a third-party piece of software, or anything else that logically
constitutes a useful module.
 The goal of these packages it to provide this useful functionality in an
easy-to-consume manner so that software can be easily reused.
 This means that a package is the smallest individual thing you can
build in ROS and it is the way software is bundled for release
(meaning, for example, there is one debian package for each ROS
package), respectively.
 http://wiki.ros.org/Packages
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ROS Tutorial
Workspace di sviluppo per ROS
packages
velocity_keyboard
velocity_controller
Node
velocity_keyboard_node.cpp
Class
VelocityKeyboard.cpp
velocity_controller_node.cpp
VelocityController.cpp
CMakeList.txt
package.xml
Workspace
CMakeList.txt
package.xml
CMakeList.txt
/ ROS-Tutorial /mobile_robot/
http://wiki.ros.org/catkin/Tutorials/create_a_workspace
6
ROS Tutorial
turtlesim
Package velocity_keyboard
$ cd ~/ROS-Tutorial/mobile_robot/src
$ catkin_create_pkg velocity_keyboard std_msgs rospy roscpp
$ source ~/ROS-Tutorial/mobile_robot/devel/setup.bash
mobile_robot /
src /
CMakeLists.txt
velocity_keyboard/
CMakeLists.txt
package.xml
7
-- package
ROS Tutorial
ROS Nodes
 A node is a process that performs computation. Nodes are combined
together into a graph and communicate with one another using
 streaming topics,
 RPC services,
 and the Parameter Server.
 These nodes are meant to operate at a fine-grained scale; a robot
control system will usually comprise many nodes.
 For example, one node controls a laser range-finder, one Node
controls the robot's wheel motors, one node performs localization,
one node performs path planning, one node provide a graphical view
of the system, and so on.
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ROS Tutorial
ROS Nodes
 All running nodes have a graph resource name that uniquely
identifies them to the rest of the system.
 For example, /hokuyo_node could be the name of a Hokuyo driver
broadcasting laser scans.
 Nodes also have a node type, that simplifies the process of referring
to a node executable on the fileystem.
 These node types are package resource name with the name of
the node's package and the name of the node executable file.
 In order to resolve a node type, ROS searches for all executables in
the package with the specified name and chooses the first that it
finds.
 As such, you need to be careful and not produce different
executables with the same name in the same package .
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ROS Tutorial
Nodo tutorial_rover_driver
velocity_keyboard_node
VelocityKeyboard
N.B. comando per spostarsi
direttamente nella cartella
base di un package
$ roscd velocity_keyboard/
$ gedit include/VelocityKeyboard.hpp
$ gedit src/VelocityKeyboard.cpp
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ROS Tutorial
main program
class
VelocityKeyboard.hpp
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12
Velocity_keyboard_node.hpp
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Velocity_keyboard_node.cpp
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Topic “cmd_vel”
 velocity_keyboard
 include
 VelocityKeyboard.hpp
 velocity_keyboard_node.hpp
 msg
 VelocityCmd.msg
 src
 VelocityKeyboard.cpp
 velocity_keyboard_node.cpp
 CMakeList.txt
 package.xml
15
int8 command
VelocityController.hpp
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VelocityController.cpp
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velocity_controller_node.hpp
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velocity_controller_node.cpp
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velocity_controller_node.cpp
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CMakeLists.txt
## Declare a cpp executable
add_executable(velocity_keyboard_node
src/VelocityKeyboard.cpp
src/velocity_keyboard_node.cpp)
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ROS Tutorial
nome del file eseguibile
Compilare il codice sorgente in ROS
 Aprire un terminale selezionando l’icona
 Digitare i seguenti comandi:
$ cd ~/ROS-Tutorial/mobile_robot/src
$ source ~/ROS-Tutorial/mobile_robot/devel/setup.bash
$ catkin_make
 Se serve, modificare il codice sorgente in Eclipse
 Ricompilare i progetti con il comando catkin_make
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ROS Tutorial
Creare il progetto Eclipse per un package
$ catkin_make --force-cmake -G"Eclipse CDT4 – Unix
Makefiles"
$ cd ~/ROS-Tutorial/mobile_robot/build
$ cmake ../src -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
$ cd ~/ROS-Tutorial/mobile_robot/
$ mkdir eclipse
// Eclipse workspace folder
$ source ROS-Tutorial/mobile_robot/devel/setup.bash
$ eclipse
// avvia Eclipse da terminal
 In Eclipse : File / Import / General /Existing Project
 Selezionare la cartella
ROS-Tutorial/mobile_robot/build
 Selezionare il progetto elencato
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ROS Tutorial
ROS Messages
velocity_controller
Twist
turtlesim
 geometry_msgs / Twist.msg
 nav_msgs / Odometry.msg
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ROS Tutorial
POSE
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ROS Tutorial
TWIST
26
ROS Tutorial
Odometry
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ROS Tutorial
Sviluppo di un sistema composto da tre nodi
Keyboard
Target
position_controller
Odometry
Twist
turtlesim
28
ROS Tutorial