Unit 2 Vocabulary terms
Laissezfaire
Union /
guild
Collective
bargaining
Boycott /
strike
Unit 2 Vocabulary terms
industrialization
urbanization
rural
mechanization
Unit 2 Vocabulary terms
factory
Enclosure
movement
Crop
rotation
monopoly
Unit 2 Vocabulary terms
entrepreneur bourgeoisie
Agricultural
Socialism
revolution
Unit 2 Vocabulary terms
Communism Capitalism
Utilitarianism proletariat
Unit 2 Vocabulary terms
Marxism
Subsistence
farming
Suffrage
Assembly
line
Unit 2 Vocabulary terms
Specialization
Artisan
Natural
resources
Capital
3-field system
Social
criticism/critique
Unit 2 Vocabulary definitions
Laissez-Faire
Union/guild
An economic policy which
promotes non-interference by the
government in economic affairs.
Literal translation from French:
“To Let Be”
Typical of a “free market”
economy.
union—a collective of workers which
use the power of their numbers to
negotiate better working conditions
and wages from an employer.
Guild—a pre-industrial union; a
collective of artisans whose purpose is
to regulate and enforce standards for
a specific trade.
Collective bargaining
Boycott/strike
negotiations between union
representatives and
employers for a labor
contract.
Tactics used to coerce employers or
companies towards a desired goal:
Boycott: to stop purchasing from a
specific company, or a specific
product;
Strike: when workers refuse to go
to work until contract demands are
met.
Unit 2 Vocabulary definitions
industrialization
the process of
transforming a society’s
method of production to
machine-made goods in
mass quantities
urbanization
The growth of cities and factories;
the movement of people into the
cities.
rural
mechanization
describes a place or region that
is primarily based on farming and
simple technology; not industrial,
opposite of urban.
the shift from producing goods
by hand to having machines
produce them.
Unit 2 Vocabulary definitions
factory
Enclosure movement
a large building which
houses large machines which
produce goods in large
quantities.
an early step in the agricultural
revolution; landowners reclaimed rented
lands from peasants, then fenced in their
property to experiment with scientific
farming methods. Resulted in important
discoveries and the displacement of
many peasant farmers.
Crop rotation
monopoly
a result of scientific
the ownership of all
farming; an efficient use of products or factories in a
farm lands which allows for given industry; a lack of
all farmland to be used and economic competition.
replenishes soil for
subsequent seasons.
Unit 2 Vocabulary definitions
entrepreneur
a business owner; one
who starts his or her own
business.
Agricultural revolution
Led to the Industrial Revolution;
a dramatic transformation in the
methods of pre-industrial
(medieval) farming that led to
improved yields.
bourgeoisie
French for “middle class.” a
term used by Karl Marx to
describe the part of society who
held all the power & wealth—the
“haves.”
socialism
a political and economic
philosophy which promotes that
government should own and run
all factories and farms for society.
Unit 2 Vocabulary definitions
communism
political and economic
philosophy where all citizens
equally own factories & farms and
run them for the benefit of
everyone.
capitalism
an economic philosophy that is
based on laissez-faire policies; it
promotes a system of private
ownership of business that is
profit-driven.
utilitarianism
proletariat
a working class person; term
used by Karl Marx to describe the
part of society that held no power
or wealth—the “have-nots.”
a social & economic
philosophy which promotes
the greatest good for the
greatest number of people;
labor assignment is
determined by skill or talent.
Unit 2 Vocabulary definitions
marxism
Subsistence farming
philosophy developed by
Karl Marx stating that
capitalism will violently
collapse upon itself,
resulting in a world-wide
communist society.
pre-industrial farming
where enough food is
grown to feed a family or
village; not profit-driven.
suffrage
the right to vote, or act of voting.
Assembly line
method of production where
different tasks are divided
among workers for faster, more
efficient production. It requires
less skill; division of labor.
Unit 2 Vocabulary definitions
specialization
artisan
focusing on a more specific
a skilled craftsperson who
task of production, rather than creates an entire product with
the entire process.
her own hands.
Natural resources
capital
naturally occurring materials which
are used by an industrialized
economy. Ex.) coal, rivers, cotton,
the money or tools needed
to run a business.
rubber, iron ore, etc.
3-field system
Social critique/criticism
pre-industrial system of farming
where land was divided into three
fields: livestock, crops & fallow
(unused), then rotated next season.
Preceded Crop Rotation.
an opinion or judgment of what
is wrong or bad about social
practices or values; usually in the
form of plays, literature, art, etc.