Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry:
1.1 Chemistry
1.2 Chemistry Far and Wide
1.3 Thinking Like a Scientist
1.1 Chemistry
Key Concepts:
1. Why is the scope of chemistry so
vast
2. What are the five traditional
areas of study in chemistry?
3. How are pure and applied
chemistry related?
4. Give three general reasons for
studying chemistry.
Vocabulary:
1. Matter
2. Chemistry
3. Organic Chemistry
4. Inorganic Chemistry
5. Biochemistry
6. Analytical Chemistry
7. Physical Chemistry
8. Pure Chemistry
9. Applied Chemistry
10. Technology
What is Chemistry?
-It is the study of the composition of matter and changes matter
undergoes.
-Matter – Is anything that has mass and occupies volume.
- So what is mass?
- How can you find volume?
-Because all living and non-Living things are made of matter the
study of their interaction is very important! Why?
Areas of Study:
Chemistry covers a wide variety of topics therefore chemists
generally choose one of five fields to focus their work.
Organic Chemistry – the study of Carbon compounds
Inorganic Chemistry – the study of non-living things or those that do
not contain Carbon.
Biochemistry – The study of chemical reactions and processes in
living organisms
Analytical Chemistry – focuses on the composition of matter in the
world around us.
Physical Chemistry – the study of the mechanisms and rate of energy
exchange
Using page 8, give an example of each field of study.
Pure and Applied Chemistry:
-Pure Chemistry: simply is the pursuit of chemical knowledge
-Applied Chemistry: is research directed toward a goal or application
of chemical knowledge
-Pure research can lead directly to an application, but an application
can exist before research is done. Can you give an example?
-How do nylon and aspirin relate to pure and applied chemistry?
-Technology: the means by which a society provides its members
with those things needed and desired.
-Why are we considered a technological society?
Why Study Chemistry?
- Explain the natural world.
- Prepare for a career.
- Become an informed citizen.
-From pages 10 – 11 give some examples of these three statements.
1.2 Chemistry Far and Wide:
Key Concepts:
- What impact do chemists have on materials, energy, medicine,
agriculture, the environment, and the study of the universe?
Vocabulary:
1. Macroscopic
2. Microscopic
3. Biotechnology
4. Pollutant
Materials:
-Chemists design materials for specific needs.
-Macroscopic: objects large enough to see with the naked eye.
-Microscopic: objects so small that some type of magnification is
necessary
-What was the example of a macroscopic application of a material
given in this section?
-Can you think of a microscopic application of material?
Energy:
Energy – is the ability to do work, the chemist looks for way to
produce, conserve and store energy.
From page 13, list some examples of how scientist produce, conserve,
and store energy.
Medicine and Biotechnology:
Chemists synthesis and study natural materials to discover new ways to
help living organisms.
Using page 14, describe how biotechnology is being developed in
medicine, materials and in DNA.
Agriculture:
Chemists help develop more productive crops that are resistant
to many environmental changes and diseases. They also produce
materials that protect crops through natural or synthetic
products.
Using page 15 of your text, give some examples of chemical
advances that have increased productivity and protection for
crops.
The Environment:
Chemists help identify and control pollutants in the
environment as well as identify interactions of matter in the
environment.
How did the restriction of lead use in the United States
affect the environment?
The Universe:
How do chemists analyze material not found on earth?
1.3 Thinking Like a Scientist:
Key Concepts:
-How did alchemy lead to the groundwork for chemistry?
-How did Lavoisier help to transform chemistry?
- What are the steps in the scientific method?
- What role do collaboration and communication play in science?
Vocabulary:
1. Scientific Method
2. Observation
3. Hypothesis
4. Experiment
5. Manipulated Variable
6. Responding Variable
7. Theory
8. Scientific Law
Alchemy:
- Had a practical and mystical application.
It is the practical application that helped develop the tools and
techniques that chemist use today to study matter.
Alchemy focused on developing techniques for working with metals, glass,
and dyes. The most famous experiment was trying to turn lead into gold.
An Experimental Approach to Science:
- Around the 1500’s alchemy developed into pure science.
Governments developed national societies dedicated to the pursuit
of knowledge
Lavoisier – helped to transform chemistry from a science of
observation to the science of measurement that it is today.
How did Lavoisier do this? What is a chemical quantity?
The Scientific Method:
- is a logical, systematic approach to the solution of a
scientific problem.
The Scientific Method is broken-down into several steps that do
not have an exact starting point.
Why do you think the scientific method can be started at
different points?
1. Research
2. Observations
3. Hypothesis
4. Experiments
5. Theory
Collaboration and Communication:
- working together and openly discussing ideas helps scientists to
correct mistakes and capitalize on discoveries.
How will you accomplish this in our class?