Gender, Age, and Health
Chapter 10: Gender
Section 1: Gender
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Gender, Age, and Health
Section 1: Gender
Main Idea
• Individuals learn appropriate gender behavior through socialization.
In many societies, gender roles lead to social inequality.
Reading Focus
• How are gender roles and identity formed?
• How does gender play into social inequality in the United States?
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Gender, Age, and Health
How did expectations
about women in the
workplace change
over time?
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Gender, Age, and Health
Gender Roles and Identity
Gender is the behavior and psychological traits considered
appropriate for men and women. Gender roles are the specific
behaviors established by society for men and women. Gender
identity is the awareness of being masculine or feminine as
defined by society.
Between Cultures
• Margaret Mead studied
expectations across three
cultures and found differences.
• Differences are seen as proof
that gender is social, not
biological.
Gender Identity &
Socialization
• Babies are given different toys.
• Expected behavior, interests,
and strengths are different for
young boys and girls.
• Expectations are learned early.
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Gender Roles and
Social Inequality
• In most societies, gender is the
primary factor used to
determine a person’s social
standing.
• Sociologists ask why this is.
• One widely held view is that
gender inequality is related to
human reproduction.
• Over time patriarchy, a system
in which men are dominant over
women, arose.
• Conflict perspective suggests
that male control of economic
and political spheres have
reinforced their dominant
position.
• The idea of institutionalized
discrimination is sometimes
given as a reason for
inequality.
• Sexism is the belief that one
sex is by nature superior to the
other.
• Sexism becomes a
self-fulfilling prophecy.
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Gender, Age, and Health
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Gender, Age, and Health
• Thesociologicalcinema.com
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Gender, Age, and Health
Quilted Northern Soft and Strong Commercial
• http://www.theso
ciologicalcinema
.com/1/post/201
1/03/quiltednorthern-softstrongcommercial.html
• 0:32
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Gender, Age, and Health
Sexism in Advertisements
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Gender, Age, and Health
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Gender, Age, and Health
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Gender, Age, and Health
Masculinity in Disney Movie
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CWMCt35o
FY
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Gender, Age, and Health
Gendered Advertisements
http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2013/02/
20/yes-were-still-gendering-everything/
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Gender, Age, and Health
The summaries of the books reinforce ideas about gender and especially
the association of boys with action and girls with relationships. The
description of the boys’ collection mentions “excitement” and “tales of
action, adventure, and exploration”:
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The girls’ collection, on the other hand, includes “heartwarming
tales” that teach us that “friendship is the most priceless and
enduring gift of all”:
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Gender, Age, and Health
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Gender, Age, and Health
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Gender, Age, and Health
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Gender, Age, and Health
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Gender, Age, and Health
Reading Check
Sequence
How have gender roles changed over time?
Answer: Roles are less restrictive for women, who
are more strongly encouraged now to have
careers and other roles outside the home.
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Gender Inequality in the United States
The Women’s Movement
Education
• Officially begun in 1848
• Since 1979, more women
than men in college
• Demanded suffrage, the
right to vote
• Used civil disobedience
• Resurfaced in 1970s
• Women focus on education
and humanities, while men
focus on engineering and the
professions
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Gender, Age, and Health
Gender Inequality in the United States (cont.)
Work
Politics
• Wage gap—The level of
women’s income relative to
that of men
• Women make up 52 percent
of voting-age people, but
only between 16 and 24
percent of elected offices
• Glass ceiling—The invisible
barrier that prevents women
from gaining upper-level
positions
• Some women have been
appointed to high office
• Second shift—The work a
working mother does in the
home
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Gender, Age, and Health
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Gender, Age, and Health
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Gender, Age, and Health
Deconstructing Disney Princesses and Princes
• http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/200
9/10/25/disney-princesses-deconstructed/
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Gender, Age, and Health
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Gender, Age, and Health
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Gender, Age, and Health
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.