CHAPTER
12
Reconstruction and Its Effects
Overview
Time Lines
SECTION
1 The Politics of Reconstruction
SECTION
2 Reconstructing Society
SECTION
3 The Collapse of Reconstruction
Chapter Assessment
Transparencies
CHAPTER
12
Reconstruction and Its Effects
“Nothing in all history [equaled] this wonderful, quiet,
sudden transformation of four millions of human
beings from . . . the auction-block to the ballot-box.”
William Lloyd Garrison, abolitionist
THEMES IN CHAPTER 12
Constitutional Concerns
Civil Rights
Expanding Democracy
Cultural Diversity
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CHAPTER
12
Reconstruction and Its Effects
“Nothing in all history [equaled] this wonderful, quiet,
sudden transformation of four millions of human
beings from . . . the auction-block to the ballot-box.”
William Lloyd Garrison, abolitionist
What do you know?
• What does the word reconstruction mean to
you?
Read the quote above and answer the following:
• Who were the four million that Garrison was
talking about?
• What does his opposition of auction-block and
ballot-box refer to?
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CHAPTER
12
Time Line
The United States
1865 Thirteenth Amendment is ratified.
1867 U.S. buys Alaska from Russia.
Former Confederate states are divided
into military districts.
1868 President Johnson is impeached.
Fourteenth Amendment is ratified.
1870 Fifteenth Amendment is ratified.
1871 U.S. and Great Britain sign Treaty
of Washington.
1873 Financial panic results in economic
depression.
1875 Specie Resumption Act is passed.
1877 Federal troops withdraw from the South,
ending Reconstruction.
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CHAPTER
12
Time Line
The World
1866 Austro-Prussian War ends.
1867 Emperor Maximillian is executed in Mexico.
1869 Mohandas K. Gandhi is born in India.
1870 Unification of Italy is completed.
1871 Germany becomes unified under Kaiser
Wilhem I.
1874 British declare Gold Coast of Africa a colony.
1876 Japan forces Korea to open ports
to trade.
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SECTION
1
The Politics of Reconstruction
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Learn About
presidential and congressional Reconstruction policies
from 1865 to 1870.
To Understand
how political leaders set out to rebuild the nation after
the Civil War.
SECTION
1
The Politics of Reconstruction
Key Idea
Presidents Lincoln and Johnson face
congressional opposition to their
Reconstruction plans. Congress wins
control, and Radical Reconstruction begins.
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SECTION
1
The Politics of Reconstruction
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Section 1 Assessment
SYNTHESIZING
What are some events, plans, or legislation that attempted to
enact Reconstruction?
Fifteenth
Amendment
Impeachment of
Johnson
Reconstruction Act
of 1867
Lincoln’s
Ten-Percent
Plan
Reconstruction
attempts
Fourteenth
Amendment
Wade-Davis
Bill
Attempts to
continue and enlarge
the Freedman’s Bureau
Civil Rights Act
of 1866
SECTION
1
The Politics of Reconstruction
Section 1 Assessment
HYPOTHESIZING
Describe how Reconstruction might have been different if
Abraham Lincoln had lived.
THINK ABOUT
• Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction
• Lincoln’s relationship with Radical Republicans
• Lincoln’s ability to negotiate
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SECTION
1
The Politics of Reconstruction
Section 1 Assessment
MAKING DECISIONS
Were the Radical Republicans justified in impeaching
President Johnson?
THINK ABOUT
• the controversy over Reconstruction policies
• the meaning of the Tenure of Office Act
• Johnson’s vetoes
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SECTION
2
Reconstructing Society
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Learn About
the political, social, and economic changes that took
place in the South following the Civil War.
To Understand
the roles that various groups played in the rebuilding
of Southern society.
SECTION
2
Reconstructing Society
Key Idea
The South must rebuild its ravaged
economy in the aftermath of war. African
Americans begin to exercise freedoms
denied to them during their enslavement.
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SECTION
2
Reconstructing Society
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Section 2 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
What were some of the problems facing the South after the
Civil War and the attempted solutions?
PROBLEM
ATTEMPTED SOLUTION
Physical devastation
Public works programs
Former slaves separated from
their families
Search for family members
Lack of education
New schools established
Lack of land
Southern Homestead Act
Labor shortage
Sharecropping or tenant farming
SECTION
2
Reconstructing Society
Section 2 Assessment
GENERALIZING
How did the Civil War weaken the Southern economy?
THINK ABOUT
• the devastation of the war
• economic conditions
• changes in agriculture
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SECTION
2
Reconstructing Society
Section 2 Assessment
INTERPRETING
Which accomplishment of African Americans during
Reconstruction do you consider most significant?
THINK ABOUT
• the development of a free African-American community
• the lingering effects of slavery
• opportunities for leadership
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SECTION
3
The Collapse of Reconstruction
Learn About
the political, economic, and social problems that
plagued the nation from 1873 to 1877.
To Understand
why Reconstruction ultimately collapsed.
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SECTION
3
The Collapse of Reconstruction
Key Idea
Continued opposition to Radical
Reconstruction in the South and economic
problems in the North bring the
Reconstruction process to an end.
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SECTION
3
The Collapse of Reconstruction
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Section 3 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
What were some of the major events that led to the collapse
of Reconstruction?
1866
Ku Klux
Klan founded.
1870–1871
Enforcement
Acts passed.
1872
Amnesty
Act passed.
1872
Crédit
Mobilier.
1873
1873 Panic.
1876
Hayes
elected president.
1873
Supreme Court issued
Slaughterhouse rulings.
SECTION
3
The Collapse of Reconstruction
Section 3 Assessment
ANALYZING
Would the Republican Party have remained strong in the
South if Congress had not passed the Amnesty Act?
THINK ABOUT
• the Republican commitment to Reconstruction
• the goals of the Ku Klux Klan
• the political and economic crises facing the nation
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SECTION
3
The Collapse of Reconstruction
Section 3 Assessment
EVALUATING
Was the political deal to settle the election of 1876 an
appropriate solution? Why or why not?
THINK ABOUT
• the causes of the conflict over the election
• other possible solutions to the controversy
• the impact of the settlement
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Chapter
12
Assessment
1. How did Andrew Johnson’s plan to reconstruct the
Confederate states differ from Lincoln’s?
2. How did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 become law?
3. Why did the Radicals want to impeach Andrew
Johnson?
4. What factor played a significant role in the 1868
presidential election?
5. What three groups made up the Republican party in
the South during Reconstruction?
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Chapter
12
Assessment
6. In what ways did emancipated slaves exercise
their freedom?
7. How did white landowners in the South reassert their
economic power in the decade following the Civil War?
8. How did Southern whites regain political power during
Reconstruction?
9. What economic and political developments weakened
the Republican party during Grant’s second term?
10. What significance did the victory by Rutherford B.
Hayes in the 1876 presidential race have for
Reconstruction?
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