CHAPTER
3
The Colonies Come of Age
Overview
Time Lines
SECTION
1 England and Its Colonies
SECTION
2 The Agricultural South
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3 The Commercial North
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4 The French and Indian War
Chapter Assessment
Transparencies
CHAPTER
3
The Colonies Come of Age
“ Here individuals of all nations are melted into a
new race . . . whose labors and posterity will one
day cause great change in the world.”
Michel Guillaume Jean de Crévecoeur, soldier and writer
THEMES IN CHAPTER 3
Economic Opportunity
Science and Technology
Cultural Diversity
Women in America
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CHAPTER
3
The Colonies Come of Age
What do you know?
• What sorts of people lived in the 13 American
colonies?
• What was the colonists’ attitude toward
England?
• How did life differ in the North and the South?
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CHAPTER
3
Time Line
The United States
1651 English Parliament passes Navigation Acts.
1682 French explorer LaSalle claims
Louisiana for France.
1732 Benjamin Franklin publishes Poor
Richard’s Almanack.
1735 Zenger trial establishes freedom of
the press.
1739 South Carolina slaves rise up in
Stono Rebellion.
1740 Great Awakening begins.
1754 French and Indian War begins.
1763 Treaty of Paris ends French and Indian War.
1764 Parliament passes Sugar Act.
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CHAPTER
3
Time Line
The World
1652 Dutch settlers establish Cape Town in
South Africa.
1683 Manchus of China conquer island of
Formosa (Taiwan).
1688 William and Mary take power in Britain’s
Glorious Revolution.
1707 Act of Union unites England and Wales
with Scotland to form Great Britain.
1739 In Japan, 84,000 farmers protest
heavy taxation.
1763 Treaty of Paris recognizes British control
over much of India.
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SECTION
1
England and Its Colonies
Learn About
mercantilism, the Navigation Acts, and the Glorious
Revolution.
To Understand
the changing economic and political relationships
between England and its North American colonies.
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SECTION
1
England and Its Colonies
Key Idea
England and its North American colonies
prosper under a beneficial trade
relationship, but tensions emerge as the
colonies push for more political and
economic freedom.
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SECTION
1
England and Its Colonies
Section 1 Assessment
SYNTHESIZING
What steps did England take to solve its economic and
political problems with the colonists?
Problem:
Keeping the colonies under England’s economic
and political control
England’s Solutions:
1. In 1651, Parliament passed the Navigation Acts to
regulate colonial trade.
2. In 1686, James II merged northern colonies and disbanded
their local assemblies.
3. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688, Parliament
strengthened the Navigation Acts.
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SECTION
1
England and Its Colonies
Section 1 Assessment
INTERPRETING
In 1707, the British mercantilist Nehemiah Grew forecast
that the colonies, “forgetting their relation to the mother
countries, will then confederate and consider nothing further
than the means to support their ambition of standing on their
own legs.” Explain why the British did not want this to
happen.
THINK ABOUT
• the goals of mercantilism
• what might happen to Great Britain’s economy if Grew’s
prediction came true
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SECTION
1
England and Its Colonies
Section 1 Assessment
FORMING AN OPINION
Britain passed legislation and established policies to control
the American colonies but was inconsistent in its
enforcement of those policies. Was this approach to
governing the colonies effective or ineffective? Why?
THINK ABOUT
• the Navigation Acts
• the policy of salutary neglect
• the positive and negative outcomes of aggressively
enforcing policies
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SECTION
2
The Agricultural South
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Learn About
how the South became a labor-intensive, agricultural
society.
To Understand
the growth of slavery in the Southern colonies.
SECTION
2
The Agricultural South
Key Idea
The Southern colonies develop a laborintensive plantation economy, which leads
to a mostly rural society and the growth of
slavery.
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SECTION
2
The Agricultural South
Section 2 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
What were the five tiers of Southern social order? What
kinds of people made up these classes?
1. Planters:
controlled the South’s economy, as well as its political and
social structure
2. Small Farmers:
made up the majority of Southern population
3. Women:
had limited legal, political, and social rights
4. Indentured Servants:
had virtually no rights while in bondage
5. Slaves:
formed economic base of plantation system
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SECTION
2
The Agricultural South
Section 2 Assessment
DRAWING CONCLUSIONS
In what ways do you think the development of the Southern
economy and society might have been imbalanced?
THINK ABOUT
• the basis of the South’s economy
• the types of crops grown
• the distribution of power in Southern society
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SECTION
2
The Agricultural South
Section 2 Assessment
ANALYZING ISSUES
In what ways was slavery a brutal system? Consider the
whole of the slave experience.
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SECTION
3
The Commercial North
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Learn About
economic changes in the Northern colonies and
intellectual and religious changes in all the colonies.
To Understand
the beginnings of economic, political, and social
differences with England.
SECTION
3
The Commercial North
Key Idea
The Northern colonies develop an economy
fueled by commerce and trade, which leads to
a diverse and urban society. There, important
religious and intellectual changes occur that
effect all the colonies.
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SECTION
3
The Commercial North
SUMMARIZING
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Section 3 Assessment
3
What are some examples that illustrate the diversity found in
the economy, population, and religious groups of the
Northern colonies?
The Diversity of Northern Colonies
Economy
several cash crops
fisheries, mills,
manufacturing
Population
English, Germans,
Scots-Irish, and other
immigrant groups
African slaves
Religious Groups
Anglicans,
Roman Catholics,
Quakers, Methodists,
other Protestant
denominations,
Jews
SECTION
3
The Commercial North
ANALYZING
Section 3 Assessment
3
How might a person who believed in the ideas of the
Enlightenment have assessed the Salem witchcraft trials?
THINK ABOUT
• the kinds of evidence presented at the trials
• the hysteria that gripped the town
• Enlightenment ideas of careful observation and reasoning
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SECTION
3
The Commercial North
Section 3 Assessment
APPLYING
What positive and negative trends that emerged in the
Northern colonies during the 1700s still affect the United
States today?
THINK ABOUT
• the rise of cities
• the influx of immigrants
• the status of women and African Americans
• the results of the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening
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SECTION
4
The French and Indian War
Learn About
the British victory over France in North America.
To Understand
the growing tensions between Great Britain and its
colonies.
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SECTION
4
The French and Indian War
Key Idea
The British and their colonists defeat the
French in North America, enlarging Great
Britain’s New World empire and causing new
British-colonial friction.
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SECTION
4
The French and Indian War
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Section 4 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
What were some of the major events of the French and
Indian War and its aftermath?
1763
End of French and Indian War
Colonists’ expansion halted with the
Proclamation of 1763
1754
Outbreak of
French and Indian War
1759
British triumph at Quebec
Britain’s postwar financial crisis
Appointment of George Grenville as
prime minister
1764
Passage of the Sugar Act
SECTION
4
The French and Indian War
Section 4 Assessment
MAKING DECISIONS
If you had been a Native American living in the Northeast
during the French and Indian War, would you have formed a
military alliance with France or Great Britain?
THINK ABOUT
• Native Americans’ past relations with France and Britain
• the goals of France and Britain in North America
• what Native Americans might have gained or lost as a
result of a victory by either nation
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SECTION
4
The French and Indian War
Section 4 Assessment
HYPOTHESIZING
What if the outcome of the war had been different and
France had won? How might this have affected the 13
colonies?
THINK ABOUT
• the actual outcome of the Treaty of Paris
• France’s patterns of colonization
• France’s relations with Native Americans
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Chapter
3
Assessment
1. What was a nation’s ultimate goal under mercantilism
and how did Great Britain strive to achieve this goal?
2. Why was the Dominion of New England formed and
what caused its collapse?
3. Why did plantations develop instead of towns in most
parts of the South?
4. What were the status and ways of life of women in the
Southern colonies?
5. Cite examples of both nonviolent and violent resistance
to slavery in the South.
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Chapter
3
Assessment
6. Briefly describe the diverse agricultural and
commercial economies that developed in New England
and the Middle colonies.
7. How were the philosophical ideas of the Enlightenment
expressed in the American colonies?
8. Which of the following groups—the English, the
French, or the Spanish—had developed the best
relations with Native Americans? Why?
9. Briefly explain why Great Britain won the French and
Indian War.
10. What were the provisions of the Sugar Act? Why did
it anger many colonial merchants?
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