Computer Architecture
Lecture – 1
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Computer Organization and Design (third
edition)
 David A. Patterson
 John L. Hennessy

Computer Organization (fifth edition)
 Carl Hamacher
 Zvonko Vranesic
 Safwat Zaky
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Class Lectures
4/13/2015
Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET
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Computer Structure/Architecture
Operation of Instruction set Execution
Pipelining
4/13/2015
Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET
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Maximum three class tests :
1. One will be in very usual way
2. One will be sudden (The easiest one, small
syllabus, no memorizing, but the date is
unknown to me too!!!)
3. If 60% of you(that is, 36) get 80% marks(32) in
above two class tests, only then 3rd class test will
be taken, which will be open material and the
hardest one!!
4/13/2015
Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET
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From this week to 6th Week.
Total class = 18 + 2 = 20
Total lecture <= 16
2+1 = 3 == ANOTHER WEEK!!! (kept in hand
unfortunately, due to the political and
weather condition of Bangladesh)
Class time <= 40 minutes.
4/13/2015
Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET

Definition of C.A.:
 The Architecture of a computer can be defined as
the design of the task-performing part of it.
 It also includes the overall fundamental working1
principle of the internal logical structure2 of a
computer system.
 So, computer architecture includes :
1. Instruction set architecture
2. Machine architecture
4/13/2015
Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET
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Objectives of a Computer architect:
 To select, design, interconnect and engineer
hardware components of various levels of
computer that meet functional performance and
programmability maintaining cost and availability
constraint.
 So, the total coordination of abstract levels of a
processor under changing forces, involving
design, measurement and evaluation is within the
objectives of a computer architect.
4/13/2015
Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET
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Instruction set architecture is the attributes
of a computing system as seen by the
assembly language programmer or compiler.
This includes :
 Instruction Set (what operations can be
performed?)
 Instruction Format (how are instructions
specified?)
4/13/2015
Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET
 Data storage (where is data located?)
 Addressing Modes (how is data accessed?)
 Exceptional Conditions (what happens if
something goes wrong?)
4/13/2015
Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET
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Machine organization is the view of the
computer that is seen by the logic designer.
This includes :
 Capabilities & performance characteristics of
functional units (e.g., registers, ALU, shifters,
etc.).
 Ways in which these components are
interconnected
 How information flows between components
4/13/2015
Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET
 Logic and means by which such information flow
is controlled
 Coordination of functional units Typically the
machine organization is designed to meet a given
instruction set architecture.
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However, in order to design good instruction
sets, it is important to understand the how
the architecture might be implemented.
4/13/2015
Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET
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Functional Units :
 A computer consists of 3 main functionally
independent units :
1. Input/output(I/O) unit
2. Memory
3. Processor
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4/13/2015
The I/O unit and the processor is again subdivided into 2 parts.
Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET
 The 2 parts of I/O unit :
1. Input
2. Output
 The 2 parts of processor:
1. Arithmetic and Logic unit
2. Control unit
 So, there are main 5 functional units of a
computer.
4/13/2015
Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET
Arithmetic
and
logic
Input
Memory
Output
Control
I/O
Processor
Functional units of a computer.
4/13/2015
Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET
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Class Lecture
4/13/2015
Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET