■ Essential Question:
–What were the important reforms of the
antebellum era, Populist movement, and
Progressive era?
■ CPWH Agenda for Unit 8.6:
–Pop Quiz! 
–“Comparing Reform Movements”
–Today’s HW: Unit 8 Organizer
–Unit 8 Test: Friday, December 7
–County Final: December 10
–CPUSH Final Exam: December 17-19
One Hundred Years of Reform:
Comparing Reform Movements Over Time
Reform was not new in the Progressive Era.
Reformers in the Antebellum Era and Gilded Age
(Populists) tried to fix problems in society
Directions: Use the following slides to figure out
where each specific reforms should go in your chart
Reasons for the Reform Movement
Antebellum Reform
(1820-1850)
Populists
(1890s)
Progressives
(1890-1920)
?
?
?
• Western farmers faced falling crop prices, rising
debts, and high railroad and mortgage rates
• Social Gospel reformers wanted to address
problems created during the Gilded Age
• The Second Great Awakening led to religious
revivalism
Women’s Rights
Antebellum Reform
(1820-1850)
Populists
(1890s)
Progressives
(1890-1920)
?
?
?
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
helped gain passage of the 19th Amendment;
Labor laws led to a 10 hour work day;
Margaret Sanger promoted birth control
• None 
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
helped write the Declaration of Sentiments at
the Seneca Falls Convention
African American Rights
Antebellum Reform
(1820-1850)
Populists
(1890s)
Progressives
(1890-1920)
?
?
?
• Booker T. Washington called for racial
accommodation; WEB DuBois led the Niagara
Movement and formed the NAACP
• Black exodusters moved West as homestead
farmers to escape segregation in the South
• William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass
and other abolitionists called for the immediate
end of slavery
Children’s Rights
Antebellum Reform
(1820-1850)
Populists
(1890s)
Progressives
(1890-1920)
?
?
?
• Florence Kelley fought for child labor laws;
President Taft created the Children’s Bureau
• Horace Mann fought to create public schools
to better educate young children, especially
German and Irish immigrants
• None 
Other Social Reforms
Antebellum Reform
(1820-1850)
Populists
(1890s)
Progressives
(1890-1920)
?
?
?
• WCTU fought for temperance but failed to
gain national prohibition
• Muckrakers like Jacob Riis exposed poverty;
Jane Addams created the first settlement
house; 18th Amendment led to prohibition
• None 
Economic Reforms
Antebellum Reform
(1820-1850)
Populists
(1890s)
Progressives
(1890-1920)
?
?
?
• Western farmers called for (but did not gain) a
national income tax and the free coinage of
silver (bimetallism)
• Jackson’s attack on the Second Bank of the
United States eliminated federal regulation of
banking and the money supply
• 16th Amendment created a national income tax;
The Federal Reserve was created to regulate
inflation, unemployment, and money supply
Business Reforms
Antebellum Reform
(1820-1850)
Populists
(1890s)
Progressives
(1890-1920)
?
?
?
• The gov’t encouraged industry, especially
Northern textile mills, by creating a tariff on
imported goods
• Muckrakers Sinclair and Tarbell; TR’s “Square
Deal; Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and
Drug Act; Sherman Anti-Trust Act was used to
“bust” monopolies; Clayton Anti-Trust Act
protected unions; Environmental conservation
• Western farmers called for (but did not gain)
government regulation of banks and railroads
Democratic Reforms
Antebellum Reform
(1820-1850)
Populists
(1890s)
Progressives
(1890-1920)
?
?
?
• 17th Amendment allowed for the direct election
of U.S. Senators; 19th Amendment granted
women’s suffrage; Initiative, referendum,
recall created in western states
• Western farmers demanded (but did not gain)
the right to directly elect their U.S. Senators
• Women demanded (but did not gain) the
right to vote; Property qualification ended
and common white men could vote
(universal white male suffrage)
Other Government Reforms
Antebellum Reform
(1820-1850)
Populists
(1890s)
Progressives
(1890-1920)
?
?
?
• Jackson used the spoils system (patronage) to
replace government bureaucrats
• Pendleton Act ended patronage by requiring a
civil service exam; City commissions and
managers; Lafollette’s Wisconsin Idea
• None 
Discussion Questions
Antebellum Reform
(1820-1850)
Populists
(1890s)
Progressives
(1890-1920)
?
?
?
1. Which reform era (Antebellum, Populist, Progressive)
was most successful? Least successful?
2. Which trend (social, economic, or political) saw the
greatest change from 1820 to 1920?
3. What was the most important change of the
Progressive Era: (a) protection of children and
the poor; (b) regulation of big business; or (c) the
increase of democracy?