CHAPTER
15
Immigrants and Urbanization
Overview
Time Lines
SECTION
1 The New Immigrants
SECTION
2 The Problems of Urbanization
SECTION
3 The Emergence of the Political Machine
SECTION
4 Politics in the Gilded Age
Chapter Assessment
Transparencies
CHAPTER
15
Immigrants and Urbanization
“We cannot all live in the city, yet nearly all
seem determined to do so.”
Horace Greeley, writer
THEMES IN CHAPTER 15
Immigration and Migration
Cultural Diversity
The American Dream
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CHAPTER
15
Immigrants and Urbanization
“We cannot all live in the city, yet nearly all
seem determined to do so.”
Horace Greeley, writer
What do you know?
• Why do you think “immigrants” and
“urbanization” are linked together in the title
of this chapter?
Read the quote above and answer the following:
• What does Horace Greeley’s statement mean?
• What problems might new immigrants face?
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CHAPTER
15
Time Line
The United States
1871 Boss Tweed is indicted for fraud and forgery.
1886 Statue of Liberty is dedicated.
1890 Immigration soars for Europeans.
1897 First electric subway is opened in
Boston.
1898 Hawaii is annexed by United States.
1900 Tenements abound in New York City.
1903 Wright Brothers make first successful
airplane flight.
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CHAPTER
15
Time Line
The World
1871 Otto von Bismarck unifies the new German
Empire.
1876 Porfirio Díaz seizes power in Mexico.
1886 Gold is discovered in South Africa.
1895 X-rays are discovered by Wilhelm
Roentgen.
1901 Commonwealth of Australia is created.
1912 Qing dynasty in China is overthrown.
1914 Panama Canal opens.
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SECTION
1
The New Immigrants
HOME
Learn About
why people emigrate and the challenges they face.
To Understand
the impact of immigration on the United States in the
late 19th and early 20th centuries.
SECTION
1
The New Immigrants
Key Idea
New immigrants from southern and eastern
Europe, Asia, the Caribbean, and Mexico
face culture shock and prejudice–as well as
the opportunity for a better life–in the
United States.
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SECTION
1
The New Immigrants
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Section 1 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
What were some of the causes for the effects listed below?
Causes
Effect
1. Poverty
2. Religious persecution
3. Shortage of agricultural land
4. Lack of industrial jobs
5. Spirit of reform
Immigrants leave their
home countries
1. New, unfamiliar culture
2. Harsh interrogation and detention
3. Prejudice and discrimination
4. Problems of urban life
5. Culture shock
Immigrants face
hardships in the
United States
1. Growing immigration
2. Suspicion and fear of differences
3. Religious intolerance
4. Racial prejudice
5. Economic depression
Some nativists want to
restrict immigration
SECTION
1
The New Immigrants
Section 1 Assessment
FORMING OPINIONS
Which group of immigrants faced the greatest challenges
settling in the United States? Why?
THINK ABOUT
• the difficulties of travel to the United States
• where the immigrants settled
• the opportunities open to each immigrant group
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SECTION
1
The New Immigrants
Section 1 Assessment
SYNTHESIZING
What arguments can you make against nativism and antiimmigrant feeling?
THINK ABOUT
• the personal qualities of immigrants
• the reasons for anti-immigrant feeling
• the contributions of immigrants to the United States
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SECTION
2
The Problems of Urbanization
HOME
Learn About
the rapid growth of American cities in the late 1800s
and early 1900s.
To Understand
the promise and problems of urbanization.
SECTION
2
The Problems of Urbanization
Key Idea
The rapid growth of cities creates many
problems: how to provide adequate
housing, transportation, water, and
sanitation, and how to fight fire and crime.
The search for solutions begins.
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SECTION
2
The Problems of Urbanization
HOME
Section 2 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
What were some attempts to solve certain urban problems?
SOLUTIONS TO
URBAN PROBLEMS
Subways
New streetcar lines
Sewer lines
Sanitation departments
Dumbbell tenements
Row houses
SECTION
2
The Problems of Urbanization
Section 2 Assessment
RECOGNIZING EFFECTS
What effects did the migration from rural areas to the cities
in the late 19th century have on urban society?
THINK ABOUT
• the reasons people moved to cities
• the problems caused by rapid urban growth
• the impact of urban growth on rural areas
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SECTION
2
The Problems of Urbanization
Section 2 Assessment
EVALUATING
Do you think the Social Gospel reformers and those who
started settlement houses had realistic goals? Why or why
not?
THINK ABOUT
• the motives of the reformers
• the types of reforms they supported
• the impact of their reforms
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SECTION
3
The Emergence of the Political Machine
HOME
Learn About
the emergence of political machines in American cities
in the 19th century.
To Understand
the role that politics played in shaping urban life.
SECTION
3
The Emergence of the Political Machine
Key Idea
The political machine emerges as cities
attempt to deal with the problems of rapid
urbanization.
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SECTION
3
The Emergence of the Political Machine
Section 3 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
What are three advantages and disadvantages of political
machines?
POLITICAL MACHINES
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Provided people with jobs
Engaged in election fraud
Provided public services
Collected kickbacks
Helped immigrants become citizens Controlled the police
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SECTION
3
The Emergence of the Political Machine
GENERALIZING
Section 3 Assessment
3
Read the quotation from James Pendergast in the book.
Explain whether you agree or disagree that machine
politicians did not coerce people.
THINK ABOUT
• the types of power exerted by political machines
• the consequences of failing to support the machine
• the ways citizens in a democracy can influence the
government
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SECTION
3
The Emergence of the Political Machine
Section 3 Assessment
ANALYZING CAUSES
Why do you think corruption such as that practiced by the
Tweed Ring was able to flourish in the late 19th century?
THINK ABOUT
• the trends in business during that era
• the problems faced by cities
• the way machine politicians won the support of voters
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SECTION
4
Politics in the Gilded Age
Learn About
the national effects of political corruption in the late
19th century.
To Understand
why Americans wanted reform.
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SECTION
4
Politics in the Gilded Age
Key Idea
Local and national political corruption during
the Gilded Age leads to a call for reform.
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SECTION
4
Politics in the Gilded Age
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Section 4 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
List the positions held by the following leaders and list their
stands on civil service reform or tariffs.
Leader
Position
Rutherford B. Hayes
President (1877-1881)
Supported civil service
reform
Roscoe Conkling
New York Senator
Against civil service reform
Chester A. Arthur
President (1881-1885)
Supported Pendleton Act
Grover Cleveland
President (1885-1889,
1893-1897)
Supported lower tariffs
Benjamin Harrison
President (1889-1893)
Stand
Supported higher tariffs
SECTION
4
Politics in the Gilded Age
Section 4 Assessment
HYPOTHESIZING
How do you think politics in the United States would have
been different if the Pendleton Act had not been passed?
THINK ABOUT
• the act’s impact on federal workers
• the act’s impact on political fundraising
• conflicts within the Republican party at the time
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SECTION
4
Politics in the Gilded Age
Section 4 Assessment
FORMING AN OPINION
If you had been running for Congress in 1892, would you
have supported a reduction in tariffs? Why or why not?
THINK ABOUT
• the needs of voters in your state
• the economic impact of reducing tariffs
• the social consequences of a reduction in tariffs
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Chapter
15
Assessment
1. What trends or events in other countries prompted
people to move to the United States in the late 19th and
early 20th centuries?
2. What difficulties did many of these new immigrants
face?
3. Why did cities in the United States grow rapidly in the
decades following the Civil War?
4. What problems did this rapid growth pose for cities?
5. What solutions to urban problems did supporters of the
Social Gospel propose?
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Chapter
15
Assessment
6. Why did machine politics become common in big cities
in the late 19th century?
7. How was Boss Tweed similar to and different from
other big city bosses?
8. What government problems arose as a result of the
spoils system?
9. What effects did the Pendleton Act have on the running
of the federal government?
10. Summarize the views of Grover Cleveland and
Benjamin Harrison on tariffs.
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