Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks
Sociology: A Down-to-Earth
Approach 7/e
James M. Henslin
Chapter Six: Societies to Social Networks
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
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Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks
What is a Group?
“People who interact with one another and think of
themselves as belonging together.”
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Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks
Societies and Their Transformation

Domestication Revolution

Hunting and Gathering

Pastoral and Horticultural

Agricultural
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Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks
Societies and Their Transformation

Industrial Revolution

Postindustrial (Information)

Bioeconomic—New Type?
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Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks
Groups Within Society

Social Equality Greatest in
Hunting/Gathering Societies

Social Inequality Grew Over Time

Accumulation of Food Surplus
Stimulated Change
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Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks
Groups Within Society


Primary Groups

Face-to-Face

The Family

Friends
Producing a Mirror Within
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Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks
Groups Within Society

Secondary Groups

Larger, More Anonymous

Members Interact Based on Roles

Fail to Satisfy Need for Intimate Association
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Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks
Groups Within Society

In-Groups and Out-Groups

Loyalty to In-Groups
 Antagonism Towards
Out-Groups
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Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks
Groups Within Society


In-Groups and Out-Groups Produce…

Loyalty

Sense of Superiority

Rivalries
Implications for Socially Diverse Society
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Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks
Groups Within Society

Reference Groups

Provide a Yardstick

Expose Us to Contradictory Standards
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Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks
Groups Within Society

Social Networks

The Small World Phenomenon

Is the Small World Phenomenon a Myth?
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Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks
Groups Within Society

Implications for Socially Diverse Society

Implications for Science
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Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks
Groups Within Society


Electronic Communities

People Connect Online

Newsgroups

Online Chat Rooms
Some Meet Definition of a Group
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Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks
Group Dynamics

Group Size Affects Stability and Intimacy

Dyad

Triad

Coalitions

As Size Increases, So Does Stability

As Size Increases, Intensity and Intimacy
Decrease
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Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks
Group Dynamics

Effects of Group Size on Attitudes and
Behavior

The Larger the Group…

Greater Diffusion of Responsibility

Increase in Formality

Division into Smaller Groups
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Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks
Leadership

Who Becomes a Leader?

Types of Leaders

Instrumental

Expressive
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Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks
Leadership


Leadership Styles

Authoritarian

Democratic

Laissez-Faire
Leadership Styles in Changing Situations
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Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks
Group Dynamics

Power of Peer Pressure—Asch Experiment


Study on Conformity
Power of Authority—Milgram Experiment

Administering Shocks
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Chapter 6: Societies to Social Networks
Groupthink—Global Consequences

Irving Janis Coined the Term

Examples of Groupthink

Preventing Groupthink
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