ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES

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ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY

AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES

AN EXPLANATION FOR

PERFORMANCE OF A FIRM

AND ITS SURVIVAL

B.V.L.NARAYANA-- FPM II IIMA

ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY

AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES

"Om Poornamadah Poornamidam

Poornat Poornamudachyate Poornasya

Poornamadaya Poornamevavasishyate.“

"What is whole, this is whole; what has come out of the whole is also whole.

When the whole is taken out of the whole, the whole still remains whole."

(RAMAYANA – C RAJAGOAPALCHARI)

ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY

AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES

• GENESIS OF ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY-

• 1970’S PREDOMINANT VIEW THAT OF

ADAPTATION BASED ON RATIONALITY AND

ACTIVE MANAGERIAL CHOICES

• POPULATION ECOLOGY LAID EMPAHSIS ON

DETERMINISM BY THE

ENVIRONMENT(HANNAN AND FREEMAN

1977) ADAPTATIO PERSPECTIVE

SUPPLEMENTED WITH A SELECTION

ORIENATATION

ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY

AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES

ASSUMPTIONS OF THE THEORY;

• Diversity is a property of aggregates of organizations

• Organizations often have difficulty devising and executing changes fast enough to meet the demands of uncertain , changing environments

• The community of organizations is rarely stable. ( Baum 1999 )

ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY

AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES

• COMPONENTS OF THE THEORY

• FOCUS ON SELECTION

• UNIT OF ANALYSIS ARE POPULATIONS OF

ORGANISATIONS

• USE EXPLICIT COMPETITION MODELS

• EXPLAIN ISOMORPHISM

• USE NICHE THEORY TO EXTEND TO DYNAMIC

ENVIRONMENTS

• USE LONGITUDINAL DATA

• AIM TO UNDERSTAND WHY THERE ARE SO MANY

TYPES OF ORGANISATIONS(BAUM 1999)

ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY

AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES

• EVOLUTION OVER TIME (AMBURGEY AND

RAO 1996)

• 1977-1988

• EMPHASIS ON VITAL RATES AND THEIR

UNDERSATNDING

• CHANGE NOT CONSIDERED

• ACKNOWLEDGED IMPORTANCE OF

INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS

• ENSURED METHODOLOGICAL

CONSISTENCY

ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY

AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES

• 1988-1990(AMBURGEY AND RAO 1996)

• SHIFT OF FOCUS FROM VITAL RATES TO CHANGE

• USE OF ALTERNATIVE MODELS --TECHNOLOGICAL

AND MARKET DYNAMIC MODELS

• INCREASED EMPIRICAL STUDIES

• INTRODUCTION OF MASS DEPENDENCE MODEL

• VARIATION IN THE LIABILITY OF NEWNESS MODEL

• CONTRIBUTIONS FROM FIELDS OF ECONOMICS,

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

• INCORPORATED CONCEPTS FROM RESOURCE

DEPENDENCE,TCE, STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY

AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES

• 1990-TILL DATE(AMBURGEY AND RAO

1996)

• PREDOMINANCE OF THEORY OVER

EMPIRICISM

• ATTEMPT TO INTEGRATE PROCESSES

AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ANALYSIS

• DIVERSITY OF CONTRIBUTORS

FURTHER INCREASED

ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY

AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES

• CONTRIBUTIONS AND OUT LOOK FOR FUTURE

• CONCEPTS ARE ABLE TO TACKLE WIDE VARIETY

OF PROBLEMS

• METHODOLOGICAL RIGOR AND STRENGTH OF

GENERALISATION

• FUTURE OUT LOOK(AMBURGEY AND RAO 1996)

– explore area of organizational economics

– Look at growth of network forms to study rise and fall of intermediary forms.

– Look at co evolution of institution and technology with organizations.

– Look at endogenous population change –co evolution of populations.

ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY

AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES

• RESOURCE BASED VIEW

• COMPETITIVE BASED ON

DIFFERENCES IN RESOURCES AND

CAPABILITIES(PETERAF 1993)

• Teece et al. (1997 :) define dynamic capabilities as ‘the firm’s ability to integrate, build, and reconfigure internal and external competences to address rapidly changing environments

ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY

AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES

Source : Helfat and Peteraf 2003

ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY

AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES

• A firm’s absorptive capacity is the ability of a firm to recognize the value of new, external information, assimilate it, and apply it to commercial ends . (COHEN LEVINTHAL 1990)

• Dynamic capabilities are shaped by the coevolution of learning mechanisms (organizations absorptive capacity) such as experience accumulation, knowledge articulation and knowledge codification. (ZOLLO AND WINTER

2002)

ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY

AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES

• The organizational ecology theory studies phenomenon at the population and community level but essentially misses out the mechanics at the intra firm level. The resource based view looks at the intrafirm level processes but does not explore processes at the population and community level. Organizational ecology theory has its strengths in using dynamic models and strong empirics using longitudinal data while resource based view uses more of case methodology and uses cross section data.

ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY

AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES

• Organizational ecology hAs already incorporated the concepts of institutional theories and transaction cost economics, and by incorporating the concepts of resource based view it thus creates a Meta paradigm which is in a position to look at organizational theory holistically.

ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY

AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES

• This organizational capability arises out of the collective abilities of the individual’s memory

(variety in his stored enactments or experience including knowledge and skills) and the organizational communication processes of sensing, transmission, storage and retrieval of the collective memory of the organization. These processes also involve rules for selection, replication, recombination and retention of these variations in the behavior. It is these processes which form the dynamic capabilities (WIECK

1979 )

ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY

AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES

• Adaptive evolutionary processes are often rooted in Core Micro-strategies.

• Adaptive evolutionary processes of innovation and growth are pursued through recombination of existing micro-strategies according to a limited repertoire of recursive recombination patterns

• The organization leaders purposefully guide evolutionary processes —strategic intent

(Salvato 2003 )

ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY

AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES

• Continuous ability to respond to the environment in appropriate fashion with desired efficiency and speed enables continuous adaptation or change. Thus the dynamic capabilities define the organizational capability to enable the identified change on a continuous basis.

ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY

AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES

ORG ECO+INSTTHEORIES COMMUNITIES

DETRMINISM

AND

SELECTION

ORG ECO THEORY

POPULATIONS

ORG ECO +RBV

ORGANISATIONS

ORG

ECO+STR

CHOICE

INTRAFIRM PROCESSES

VOLITION

AND

ADAPTATI

ON

ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY

AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES

• RAYS OF KNOWLEDGE(GNANA)– VARIATION

• INTELLIGENCE MATURES –WISDOM—SELECTION --

ENACTMENT

• WISDOM INTEGRATES INTO LIFE—ISSUES AS

ACTION —BHAKTI– RETENTION AND

RECOMBINATION —ROUTINES—processes to ensure recombinations

• IMMATURE KNOWLEDGE IS USELESS TINSEL–

VARIATIONS NOT INTEGRATED INTO MMEMORY OF

ENACTMENTS —ARE LOST

• PERCEPTION—MEANING—KNOWLEDGE—WISDOM-

ACTION – SUSTAINED PERFORMANCE

• SOURCE—C RAJAGOPALACHRI—BHAJA GOVINDAM

THANK YOU

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