The English Establish 13
Colonies 1585 - 1732
Mrs. Kercher
I. Early Colonies Have Mixed
Success
A. Roanoke (1585) and Sagadahoc (1607) failed
1. Sir Walter Raleigh lost his money
B. New way to pay for them: joint-stock companies
1. many investors share risk and reward
2. they must get a charter (king's permission
slip)
3. colonies important in mercantilism
a. make the mother country rich
I. Early Colonies Have Mixed
Success
C. Jamestown was founded (1607)
1. at first they struggled
2. John Smith and Lord De La Warr brought
discipline
3. Pocahontas helped relationship with
natives
4. tobacco became profitable
5. private property gave colonists incentive
6. indentured servants provided workers
I. Early Colonies Have Mixed
Success
7. the House of Burgesses was formed
a. the first representative assembly in
the colonies
b. could pass laws and raise taxes
c. King James took it away, the
colonists protested, King Charles
gave it back
II. New England Colonies
A. Pilgrims founded Plymouth (1620)
1. dissenters (disagreed with the Church) and
were persecuted (treated badly)
2. left on the Mayflower
a. wrote the Mayflower Compact: started
self-government and majority rule
3. Struggled at first, then Thanksgiving
II. New England Colonies
B. Puritans founded Massachusetts Bay (1630)
1. also dissenters and persecuted
2. the Great Migration: 20000 left
England
3. succeeded right away
4. organized by congregations
5. believed in hard work, education,
representation
II. New England Colonies
C. Dissenters in the colonies
1. Roger Williams – founded Rhode Island
2. Anne Hutchinson – banished
3. Quakers – some put to death by Puritans
D. New England
1. mostly Puritan, middle class
2. congregations/towns were self-governing
3. governor and legislature elected
4. had conflicts with the natives
III. The Southern Colonies
A. Lord Baltimore founded Maryland
1. refuge (safe place) for Catholics
a. also persecuted in England
2. proprietary colony (one owner)
a. Virginia & Massachusetts were
joint-stock colonies (many owners)
3. passed the Toleration Act (allowed all
religions)
III. The Southern Colonies
B. North and South Carolina
1. proprietary colonies
2. haven for Hugenots (French
Protestants)
3. growing rice led to slaves and planters
4. colonists rebelled over conflicts with natives,
became royal colonies (owned by the king)
III. The Southern Colonies
C. Georgia
1. proprietary colony (James Oglethorpe)
2. haven for debtors (people who owe money)
3. Oglethorpe opposed plantations, colonists
revolted, became a royal colony
D. Southern culture
1. wealthy plantations along coast
2. poorer colonists had small farms on the frontier
3. growing slave population
4. religious freedom
IV. The Middle Colonies
A. Hudson & Delaware Rivers, good soil,
mild winters
1. shipping, trade, and farming
2. diverse settlers (many different people)
B. New Sweden became New Netherland
1. patroon system– bring 50 people, get
land
2. became the most tolerant colony
IV. The Middle Colonies
C. New Netherland became New York
1. proprietary colony (the Duke of York)
2. York gave New Jersey to his friends
a. they offered land and religious freedom
3. the king gave Pennsylvania to William Penn
a. created a “holy experiment” for Quakers
b. The Frame of the Government (1682) –
provided religious tolerance
c. Pennsylvanians became very wealth
d. Delaware became independent in 1701
IV. The Middle Colonies
D. By 1730s
1. 13 colonies
2. fast growing population
3. regions different and the same
a. different economies and cultures
b. most valued representation, religious
freedom, opportunity, and the rule of law