Unit 4
Body Talk
Paragraph 1
 When Mike arrived in Bulgaria, he found a
restaurant and ordered the special of the day.
① arrive
in + a big city
arrive at + a small town
 reach Taipei
=> arrive in Taipei
 the special of the day
(N)
② order 「點餐」的意思。
order sb sth
order sth for sb
 My boyfriend ordered me a steak
when I was in the rest room.
→ My boyfriend ordered a steak for me
when I was in the rest room.
 After Mike finished eating, a friendly
waiter asked him if the food was good.
① finish後面接動名詞或名詞
finish eating → finish the meal。
② if conj. 是否
if或whether引導的名詞子句。
直接問句
Was the food good?
間接句 Tell me if (whether) the food was good.

a few +
few
a little +
little
可數名詞
(一些)
(很少的、幾乎沒有的)
不可數名詞
(一些)
(很少的、幾乎沒有的)
. . . so he nodded his head to tell the
waiter that he had loved the meal.
① to tell的to 表「目的」
in order to
so as to
② had loved為過去完成式，用在表
示「動作發生在過去某一時間點
或動作之前」。
 此句指love先發生, nod後發生。
 To his surprise, Mike saw the waiter
frown.
① To his surprise 令他驚訝的是。
To one’s N
(N為和情緒相關的名詞)
 N為和情緒相關的名詞，包括：joy (高興)、delight (高興)
pleasure (愉悅) 、 sorrow (傷心)、grief (悲痛)、
disappointment (沮喪)、regret (後悔)、 relief (如釋重負)
embarrassment (尷尬) 、 surprise (驚訝)、shock (震驚)、
amazement (驚奇)、anger (生氣)等。
此句型還可以使用great、much來修飾其程度
Much to his surprise,
=To his great surprise
②感官動詞 + N + V
saw the waiter frown
( saw the waiter frowning)
1) 常見的感官動詞：
看 → see、watch 聽 → hear、listen to、overhear
察覺 → feel、notice、observe、perceive
2) 受詞補語有三種：
a. V (原形動詞) → 表「發生之事實」
◇ The teacher listened to the students sing.
b. V-ing (現在分詞) → 表「主動或正在進行之動作」
◇ Liz noticed a little boy crying under the tree.
c. V-en (過去分詞) → 表「被動或完成之動作」
◇ Rosa felt her purse touched by someone.
 Was there something wrong with
the waiter . . .
 There
is something wrong with N .
 something + (Adj)
 I couldn’t start the car.
What’s wrong with the engine?
 . . . even though people throughout
the world . . . the meanings of it can
vary widely.
① even though 儘管
= though、although、
= in spite of the fact (that)
= despite the fact (that)
② it
=body language。
can vary widely
= can be very different

quite為程度副詞，相當於pretty，用來修
飾形容詞或副詞，表示「相當、頗」。
◇ The movie Gina saw yesterday is quite
good.
quiet 為形容詞，意為「安靜的」。
◇ Could you be quiet? The baby is sleeping.
 . . . in another country.
another在此為形容詞，作「其他
的」解。another若為不定代名詞，
第二個country可以省略。
一個,另一個
如果共兩個 one…the other
如果不定個 one ….another
 Mike’s experience shows that it is always
a good idea to get to know a country’s
culture . . .
① that引導名詞子句，作動詞show的受詞
② it是虛主詞，因原主詞to get to know a
country’s culture before a visit太長，為
避免混淆，因此用it代替，將主詞移
至後面。
get to know
虛主詞it的用法。為避免頭重腳輕，以虛主
詞it代替後面的真主詞，常見句型有：
1) It + be . . . + to V . . .
◇ It is not right to lie.
2) It + be . . . + V-ing . . .
◇ It is no use trying to change such a selfish
man like John.
3) It + be . . . + that-clause
◇ It is important that you understand how
dangerous it is.
Paragraph 3
 In India, for example, people use a
gesture called the head bobble.
① for example 舉例來說
= for instance
可以放在句首、句中或句尾，要用逗點隔開。
② called
=which is called
 They tilt their head from side to side
to show that they strongly agree with
what someone else says or does.
① from side to side 從左到右
= from left to right
◇ The branches swung from side to
side in the breeze. (左右搖晃)
② agree with sth/sb 同意、贊同某事或某人
(↔ disagree with sth/sb)
◇ Jack couldn’t agree with his cousin
about the political issue.
③ what為複合關係代名詞
=the thing(s) which
 This can be confusing for Westerners, who . . .
本句中以who所引導的子句為關係代名詞子
句的非限定用法。關係代名詞所引導的子句須
與主要子句以逗點隔開，且不可以that取代。
◇ My brother who lives in Taipei is a lawyer.
(→ 不只有一個弟弟)
◇ My brother, who lives in Taipei, is a lawyer.
(→ 只有一個弟弟)

 . . . the Indian head bobble came from . . .
come from 來自於
= develop from
= be derived from
= originate from
 . . . , which means “I am of no threat to
you.”
which前面有逗點，為非限定用法，補充
敘述，指前面蛇不咬人時左右搖動一事。
 This may be why Indians used . .
= This may be the reason why Indian…
直接問句Why did the Indian use the head bobble
to express a positive answer?
間接句  This may be why the Indian use the
head bobble to express a positive
answer.
Paragraph 4
 . . . , in earlier times, Greek criminals’
faces were covered in ashes . . .
① . . . , in earlier times, . . .
times當「時代」講的時候，恆為複數。
② be cover in/with sth 以…覆蓋表面
◇ The yard is covered in/with fallen leaves.
The ashes were placed on a
criminal’s face with an open palm.
= Someone placed the ashes on a
criminal’s face with an open palm.
 . .. the gesture itself . . .
反身代名詞itself
有強調語氣的作用
 as a result of + N
Paragraph 5
 Luckily for Mike, an English-speaking
woman sitting next to him in the
restaurant came to his rescue.
① luckily for sb 對…幸運的是…。
② English-speaking adj. 說英文的
N + V-ing可構成複合形容詞，常用的還有：
time-consuming 耗時的
peace-loving 愛好和平的
eye-catching 吸引人注意的
heart-warming 感人的
③ sitting next to him in the restaurant
=who sat next to him in the restaurant
④ next to perp. 就在旁邊(= beside)
⑤ come to one’s rescue 幫…脫困。
 She explained that nodding one’s head is a
negative answer . . . but shaking one’s head
from left to right is a positive one.
① explain that-clause that引導名詞子句
② nodding one’s head為一動名詞片語,
其後接單數動詞is。
③ one為代名詞，替代與前面相同的answer。
 Mike then understood the mistake
that he had made.
had made為過去完成式, understand過去式

make mistakes
understand
(先)
(後)
 He hoped that the waiter would,
because of this, bring him dessert.
① hope that-clause
② because of + N
because of是介詞片語，用於名詞或代名詞前。
◇ The game was canceled because of the heavy rain.
because是連接詞，後接子句。 (不可有 that)
◇ The game was canceled because it rained heavily.