Do Now
• Hand back “illuminating photosynthesis
lab”
• How do we get energy?
• Do all organisms get energy the same way
as we do?
• What is the most basic form of energy?
(think about last section and P.C.F. NA!)
Objectives
• Explain how different organisms obtain
energy.
• List the starting materials, process, and
products for both photosynthesis and
respiration.
• Determine what happens when oxygen is
not available for cellular respiration.
2.2- “Cells Capture and Release
ENERGY!!
• 1. All cells need energy for the many
functions that they carry out!
Types of Energy
I. Chemical Energy!- stored in bonds
between atoms of molecules.
1. released when bonds break
2. Glucose= most common form,
creates ATP
Types of Energy
II. Solar Energy- energy from sunlight
i. can’t be used directly, must be converted
to chemical energy
Ways to get energy!
i. Autotrophs: make their own energy
Ex:
ii. Heterotrophs: have to eat to obtain energy
Ex:
Autotrophs go through
Photosynthesis
I. process in which organisms convert solar
energy into chemical energy.
What do we need?
I. Starting Materials:
1. carbon dioxide (CO2)
2. Water (H2O)
3. sunlight
II. The Process
1. Occurs in CHLOROPLASTS
2. Requires the pigment chlorophyll to
capture energy from light.
3. Rearrange molecules of water and CO2
2 Reactions Occur
1. Light Reactions: use light and water to make molecules
of ATP (energy) and NADPH (helps make more
energy). Oxygen is a byproduct.
2. Dark Reactions (Calvin Cycle): use carbon dioxide and
ATP and NADPH from light reactions to make
GLUCOSE!
*Hand Out Overview Worksheet
Take notes on back
Photosynthesis Animations
Light Reactions:
http://www.science.smith.edu/departme
nts/Biology/Bio231/ltrxn.html
Dark Reactions (Calvin Cycle):
http://www.science.smith.edu/departme
nts/Biology/Bio231/calvin.html
Products
a. Oxygen
b. Glucose (C6H12O6)
Other Products
Glucose molecules are stored as STARCH!
If leaves are the site of
photosynthesis… what
happens when leaves die and
fall off for the winter?
Read “Why do leaves change
colors in the fall” and answer
the questions. Finish for
homework!
Do Now
1) Take out your homework
“Why do leaves change color in the
fall?”
Objectives
•
•
•
To explain why leaves change color in
the fall.
To list the reactants and products of
photosynthesis.
To explain the relationship between
photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Practice Photosynthesis
Worksheet
By yourself or with a partner, please work on
the practice with photosynthesis
worksheet. When you are done, return
to your seat.
Photosynthesis Animations
Light Reactions:
http://www.science.smith.edu/departme
nts/Biology/Bio231/ltrxn.html
Dark Reactions (Calvin Cycle):
http://www.science.smith.edu/departme
nts/Biology/Bio231/calvin.html
Do Now
-
What are the 2 reactions in
photosynthesis?
Where does each reaction occur?
Write the equation of photosynthesis.
Objectives
-
To understand the process of cellular
respiration.
To compare and contrast
photosynthesis with cellular respiration.
To explain what happens when our cells
do not get oxygen.
To explain the two types of
fermentation.
All Cells Release Energy!
- Aerobic Respiration = NEEDS OXYGEN!!
- In aerobic respiration we use oxygen to
help release the energy stored in
bonds.
Cellular Respiration
i. Occurs in MITOCHONDRIA!
ii. Creates LARGE amounts of energy.
iii. Process where cells break down glucose
to give energy to their cells.
Reaction
Starting Materials
a)
Glucose (C6H12O6) – from plants
b)
Oxygen – from breathing!
Process
-In cellular respiration
we break the
bonds of the
starting materials
and rearrange
them to form
new bonds.
3 Steps of Cell Respiration
1)
Glycolysis-
-
-
Occurs in the
cytoplasm
We break
glucose in half (
2 pyruvates)
We make a small
amount of ATP
Make NADH
(used to make
ATP)
3 Steps of Cell Respiration
2) Kreb’s Cycle (Citric
Acid Cycle)
-
-
Occurs in mitochondrial
matrix
We take the broken
glucose and make more
ATP, NADH, and another
molecule called FADH2
which also helps make
energy.
We also release CO2
Do Now
-
What is the equation for cellular
respiration?
Where does cellular respiration occur?
What is the overall goal?
Review from yesterday…
-
What are the first two steps of cell
respiration?
Where do they occur?
What goes in? What comes out?
3 Steps of Cell Respiration
3) Electron Transport Chain
-
Occurs in mitochondrial membrane
-
Takes NADH and FADH2 and makes lots of ATP!
Uses Oxygen to make water.
Products
1)
CO2
2)
H 2O
3)
ATP!! (Energy)
Review!
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
What is the goal of cellular respiration?
What are NADH and FADH2
What are the 3 steps of cellular respiration
Where do each of the 3 steps occur?
What do you think is going to happen if you don’t
have oxygen?
Partner Work
1)
You and ONE partner can work on the “cellular
respiration practice” worksheet.