Oxford Centre for Staff and
Learning Development
NVIVO 8 :Part 2
Querying - linking - modelling charting - reporting
Oxford Brookes - March 2010
Patsy Clarke, patsy@qualitania.com
NVIVO trainer-Educational developer-Researcher
&
Alex Friend, asfriend@brookes.ac.uk, CSD
Course schedule
Module 3: Analysis activities
•Externals (linking cont.)
•See also links
•Searching
TEA BREAK
Module 4: Data reporting activities
•Models
•Charts
•Exporting and reporting
Wrap up & end
78
Aims and objectives
Aim: To enable participants to use the
further features of NVIVO 8 including
Finds & Queries, Sets, Models
and Charts
Objective – data analysis: To perform a range of
queries including word and text searches, coding,
compound and matrix searches; to create Sets of
project items and Relationships between project
items
Objective – data reporting: To represent graphically
research assumptions, hunches and findings using
NVIVO Models and Charts; to export project items
for use in research write-ups.
79
How NVIVO 8 can help
Day 2 of the course:
Links between ideas/items
Search and scope filtering with sets and attributes to
ask questions and develop and test ideas & theories
Model and chart to display ideas and theories
Reports extraction for inclusion in written work
Next course:
Working with multimedia data e.g. graphics, audioand video-data
YOU with your research questions select and
drive/control the software to help you manage,
collect, engage with and get evidence for your
research claims/ results/ recommendations.
80
Link types
Annotations: For footnotes or ‘margin scribbles’ on selected
content in a source/ node (blue shading)
Memos: Comments/reflections on an entire
document/node
External links: links to material external to the NVIVO project
See also links for connections between project items (pink
81
Module 3shading)
Notes to read before starting
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
In completing Module 2 and with Module 3 and 4
we will work with the NVIVO Volunteering tutorial
project which compares perceptions and
motivations about volunteering work in a sample
of Australian and US adults.
Open the NVIVO 8 program
N.B. It takes a while so be patient even if nothing
seems to be happening.
The Volunteering project should be available in
the list of project on the Welcome screen
Select the project to open
Page references refer to the booklet:
‘Teach yourself NVIVO8 - the introductory
tutorials’ by Lyn Richards (Abbrev. TYNV8).
Module 3
82
Activity 9 Linking to external file
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Create an External
i.e. a document/source within the NVIVO project
that links to a file or webpage external to NVIVO
e.g. a PowerPoint presentation
Sources > External > List view > right-click > New
external >General tab > Name it ‘Photo
presentation’
External tab > Type > File link > File path > Browse
for file ‘Images of Volunteers_Discussion Photos’ >
Open > click OK
Blank External opens for your notes (or List view >
right-click on name > Open External)
To open presentation file : In List view > right-click
on name > Open External File
Module 3
83
Activity 10a See also links
Linking to an entire source or node
To link selected content to an entire source or node:
Select the content you want to link from e.g. a
piece of text in the interview transcript of Grace.
Right click> Links > See Also Link >New See Also Link
The New See Also Link dialog box is displayed.
To link to an /existing item
With the Option as Existing Item
Click the Select button.
The Select Project Item dialog box is displayed.
Seek & select the required item, e.g. the interview
transcript of Nick.
Click OK.
84
Activity 10b See also links (cont.)
To link two ‘chunks’ of selected content e.g.
text in Grace interview to text in Nick
interview
Open the source or node you want to link from—its content is
displayed in Detail View.
If you are linking to content in another project item, open the
source or node that you want to link to, so that both items are
open in Detail View.
Select the content chunk that you want to link to (the
destination of your link).
On the Edit menu, click Copy
Select the content chunk that you want to link from.
On the Edit menu, click Paste As See Also Link.
The See Also link is created.
(Can add the reverse process for a two way link)
(To see the details of the shaded links, with your cursor
in Detail view, from View menu select ‘See Also
85
Links’)
Searches
86
Module 4: Finds and Queries
Look for (Find) - simple and advanced
for project items
Queries - simple and advanced for
actual content
• Word frequency
• Text search
• Coding search
• Matrix search
Module 3
87
Activity 1 Find project items
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Find all project items that refer to Mary (p89) and create a Set for
them (p38)
Locate the search /’Look for’ toolbar
In the ‘Look for’ field enter Mary select All folders
Click Find now
Select/highlight all the found items > right click > choose Create
/As set
Name the set Mary
Check that it appears in the Sets from the left menu bar
Module 3
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Activity 2 Advanced find
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Search for all women of 20 – 29 with tertiary education (p91)
On the search toolbar > click Options > Advanced Find
Set ‘Look for’ to Cases >Click on the Advanced tab
Using drop down boxes >choose Age group=20-29 > Add to list
Repeat for Education=Tertiary > Add to list
Repeat for Gender=Female >Add to list
Click Find Now
Case nodes of Anna, Annie, Grace and Stephanie appear in the List View
Highlight them >right click >choose Create /As Set
Name the set Female20-29Tertiary
89
Module 3
Query features
Add to project saves the query so that you can rerun it later. (Have to name it to save it)
Some queries have Query Options where you can
select to Preview (an unsaved listing of where the
content was found) OR Create as New Node (or
New Set) etc. (Have to name it to save it)
Each query requires Criteria specific to the type of
query
Run carries out the search
OK does NOT run the search but only saves those
you chose to Add to Project
Results in the Results folder are not editable – move
any you need to work with from there to e.g. Free
Nodes.
Module 3
90
Activity 3 Queries
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
To check what words arose in the interviews and
focus groups run a Word frequency query
In Queries List view > right click >New Query >
Word Frequency
Change Of >All sources to Selected Items then
choose Internals > Focus groups > Interviews
For the words choose a minimum length
Click on Run (not OK)
In the results check the variations related to the
notion of ‘motivation’
View the results as a ‘Tag Cloud’
Module 3
91
Queries - Word frequency
Extracted from results
Module 3
92
Activity 4 Text search query
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Find where and in which context the words commit[ment] or
passion[ate] are mentioned in the interviews and focus groups
(p 92)
In navigation view >Queries > right click in List view > New query > Text
search
Tick the box Add to project (this will save if you want to rerun later)
Under the tab General> Name >type TS motivation or reason
Under the tab Text Search Criteria >type motivation OR reason
Tick the Stemmed option (this includes e.g. motivated/ motivates
etc.#)
Under the tab Query Options> Option >Select Create results as New
Node
Section Location > Select >choose Free Node> Click OK
Section Name> type TS motivation or reason
Section Spread coding >Spread to > Specify >Broad context
Click on Run > Results appear in the detailed view
Check that the new Free node ‘TS motivation or reason’ has been
created
To change or rerun the most recent query, from the menu Tools >
Query> Last run query . (There is also the option to Store Query Results if
you did not include a save option in the Query already).
# Optional method is to use wild cards e.g. commit* or passion*
Module 3
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Activity 4 (continued)
Step 1. Store and name the
query
Step 2. What to search for
Step 3. What to do with the results
Step 4. Run the query
Module 3
94
Activity 5 Coding query (p98)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
To explore ‘Is social interaction an important issue for women in the
study?’
Queries > right click in List view > New query > Coding
Tick Add to project >tab General >section Name > name it:
Coding_social interaction & women
Under tab Coding Criteria > Advanced tab
Use the drop down menus, choose Coded at > click Select > Any
case where > select > Gender > Equals Value > Female> OK
Click Add to List
Repeat steps 4 – 5 but choose Coded at > Any selected node >
Select button
In the next window highlight (NOT tick) Tree Nodes >open Personal
goals by clicking on the + sign > tick the node Social Interaction >
Click OK
Click Add to List.
Click on Run – (NOT on OK)
Results appear in Detail view
To save results as a new node: > with cursor n Detail view >right
click > Store Query Results > Section Location > Select >highlight
Free Nodes > OK >name it Coding_Social interaction & women >
OK
Module 3
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Activity 5 (continued)
Module 3
96
What is a matrix coding search
First we will look at the results of a
matrix coding search – in
Nodes>Matrices
Then we will look at the matrix coding
search query that led to those results in
Queries>queries
Then we will create and run a new
matrix coding search
Module 3
97
Activity 6 Matrix search
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
We are going to look if there is
patterning by Age group in terms
of issues of Time (similar to
example from page 104 onwards)
Construct a matrix coding query
with all Age groups in the Rows
and Time issues in the Columns as
follows:
Select Queries from navigation
view menu >New Query> Matrix
Coding…
Select Add to Project and name
the query ’Time issues by age’
Select Matrix coding Criteria tab
Select Rows tab
(continued……)
Module 3
98
Matrix coding search (continued..)
7.
8.
9.
To define the rows click
the Select button
From the next displayed
pop-up highlight
Attributes> expand Age
Group > tick the selected
age groups > click the OK
button
N.B. Click the Add to List
button for the age groups
to be included in the
matrix rows
(continued……)
Module 3
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Matrix coding search (continued..)
10. For columns, select the
Columns tab
11. Select as you did for the
rows but highlight Tree
Nodes > expand Time >
select each of the time
issues >click the OK button
12. N.B. Click the Add to List
button for the issues to be
included in the Matrix
columns.
(continued……)
Module 3
100
Matrix coding search (continued..)
13.
From the Matrix tab > leave
the default AND
14.
Select the Run button
Module 3
101
Activity 6 (cont.) Matrix result
15.View results including content in a cell
16.Right click to check different Matrix cell content
options,
and Matrix Cell Shading
17.You can save in Results or Nodes/Matrices
18.Can also Right click to Export results of a matrix as an
Excel table
102
Module 3
Module 4 Data reporting
1. Create Models
• Dynamic (working) models
• Static models (at each stage for audit
trail)
2. Charts
3. Export items from your NVIVO project
103
Models
Models are useful for your first thoughts and can be
developed as your ideas, hunches and findings develop –
view the models in the tutorial project.
Below is the model using the project relationship item
‘Lack of time decreases motivation’ with the sources it
coded
Module 4
104
Activity 1 Create models (p47)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
We will now model the relationship about lack of time
decreases motivation
Navigation view > Models
In List view > right click > select New Model > name it
Time and motivation
Click OK. This opens the Model frame in Detail view
Save the project at this point
To make more space, with your cursor click in the
Detail view > click on View menu at top of screen >
untick Model Groups to close the right hand panel.
From the Windows menu > Undock all to have the
model full screen.
From the Detail view > Add Project Items > select the
Relationship > Lack of time (decreases) motivation or
drag and drop it from the Relationships)
To include those who referred to this include Sources.
Module 4
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Activity 1 (continued)
8.
9.
Click in an empty space in the model to deselect
the shapes then move individual shapes as
required
Expand shapes so that all text is readable, adjust
colours and other features from the Format menu.
10. Change the wording on the connectors by
selecting the connector (e.g. arrow) and from the
Shape/connector properties menu change the
text.
11. Add notes.
(Appropriate images e.g. photos, can be
substituted for shapes from the Format > Fill menu)
Module 4
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Example of model
The model will now look something like the above
Module 4
107
Activity 2 Export models
1. To export your model into Word or
PowerPoint > right click on your
model > Select All
2. Put your cursor on the selected
objects in your model > right click >
Copy
3. Open Word (or PowerPoint) > right
click > Paste
Module 4
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Activity 2 Export project items
In addition to the copy /paste and print
options from e.g. documents, nodes and
models there are a range of exports with
various options all available for saving and
printing as well as summary reports from :
Tools >Reports
Formats to save
include:
.doc
.rtf
.pdf
.xls
.htm
Module 4
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Extract from a node summary report
Module 4
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Activity 3 Chart your data
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Chart the node ‘social interaction’ for some of the
women interviewed
Tools> Chart > Coding for a node > Next
Node > Select > Free Nodes > Coding_social
interaction and women > Click OK
X-axis > Most coded sources
Y-axis > select your preference
Chart display type > Select (Bar or column) >
Finish
Charts are ‘live’ – select bars to load that slice of
data
Right click on chart to > Copy > for pasting to a
report/display (OR) Export Chart as an image for
insertion in a report/display
Module 4
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Social interaction and women
Module 4
112
Chart of Matrix search result
Module 4
113
Suggestions
Build your evidence and audit trail with:
• Project and coding journal entries for
development of analysis
• Dated memos about key concepts (Ctrl>Shift>T)
• Save static models at stages of the study
Support analysis findings by:
• Save and rerun Queries with different data
• Compare how evolving Sets respond to queries
• Use Matrix tables and charts to quantify claims
Module 4
114
What have we learnt?
In this part of the course you learnt to:
1. Run a range of queries e.g. word
frequency, text search, coding and
matrix searches
2. Graphically represent the research
assumptions, hunches and findings with
models
3. Chart features in the project
4. Export project items for use outside
NVIVO
115
Useful tips and hints – Part 2
1. ‘Undock’-ing the windows on screen from
the ‘Windows’ menu makes more room for
reading documents and other data types in
your NVIVO project.
2. When you save or copy your NVIVO project
with a new file-name the internal name
does not change automatically– also
change its ‘Title’ via the ‘File/Project
properties’ menu.
3. From Tools/options you can change the
time between saving; clear the recent
project names from the menu; optimize the
project for a ‘ large’ project size; plus some
other useful features.
116
Tips and hints (continued)
4.
5.
Nodes include a side bar of tabbed options to
view.
E.g. the node
‘helping others’ which has sources in different
media has this tabbed side bar :
From here you can select to view
its summary – the full reference –
thumbnails of the text – the picture or
the video
(This is part of using NVIVO 8 with
multimedia data in addition to text data)
All charts and models have live links to the
project items
117
Tips & hints (cont.)
To print a display of (Tree) nodes
(This is if you want only the icons and node names)
First, open (any) node then View > Detail
View Right
Then:
•
•
•
•
•
Right click on your Tree node
structure’s first top level Tree node
Select Expand/Collapse >Expand
All Tree nodes
Right click again, select Print> Print list
Print to printer OR .pdf file
(Export will provide an Excel option)
118
Appendix – NVIVO ‘Relationships’
Relationships focus on statements e.g. ‘Social relationships
mean a lot to women’.
There are 3 stages: Create Relationship type - Create
relationship – Code data at relationship
Create Relationship Type
1. In navigation view > Classifications >Relationship
Types
2. List view > right click > New relationship type
3. Name it ‘means a lot’ > Click OK
4. For Description ‘This relationship shows what
certain topics mean to the respondents’
5. Select One Way from the Direction drop down
menu > Click OK
6. This new relationship type is now added to the list
119
Appendix on Relationships (cont.)
Create Relationship
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Nodes > open the Relationships folder >
List view > right click > select New Relationship
In the From field > click Select > highlight Tree
Nodes > open Personal goals >highlight Social
interaction >
In the To field > Select > highlight Sets > highlight
These women > Click OK
In the Type area, in the Name field >Select >
highlight means a lot
Click OK> Click OK again
The relationship linking has been established
120
Appendix on relationships (cont.)
Code data at the Relationship
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Go into Nodes > Free nodes >double click the
node Women and social interaction
In navigation view > select Relationships > this
opens Relationships in the List view
In the Detail view > select all of the text of the
node Women and social interaction (Ctrl-A)
Drag and drop the text into the Relationship
‘Social Interaction means a lot to women’
Double click on the Relationship > its coded
content now appears in the Detail view
(Relationships can be included in Models including with their sources)
121