Hungary, 2012
Introduction to Cartography
Nazrulo Toirbekov
Assistant lecturer TSPU,
labnazar@gmail.com
A ‘warming up’ exercise
• How do you tell people directions to somewhere?
– -Have you ever used the terms ‘north’, ‘south’, ‘east’ or ‘west’ to
describe directions?
– -Do you use reference locations? For example, It is two blocks
from the E-5? Or, It will be right in front of you when you get off
the bus. It is right on the bank of Duna or ....
– -Describe to someone how you would get to University of West
Hungary from the Airport or from train station
• Have you ever drawn a map to illustrate to someone how
to get somewhere?
• Everyone is an amateur cartographer
• However, this class will help you to start learning in
details
.
Objectives
 Students will be able to express their knowledge
about maps
 Students will understand the importance of maps
 Students will apply the use of new vocabulary in
order to read a map
 Students will analyze their own personal
surroundings
Key words
 Cartography
 Map
 Personal surroundings
 Directions
 Geographic information
 Scale
Outlines
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•
•
•
•
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Introduction
History of cartography
Maps & their classification
Mapping tools (equipments)
Cartography today and tomorrow
Conclusion
Introduction
•Maps are important for
daily lives.
•It is never too late to
learn how to use a map so
that you can always find
your way.
Definitions
•Cartography (from Greek khartēs,
"map"; and graphein, "write"), or
mapmaking, has been an integral part of
the human story for a long time,
possibly up to 8,000 years.
•Cartography is the science and study of
making maps
Source -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cartography
Why cartography is important?
• To communicate geographic information in
a graphic form as a digital image or a paper
map (analog)
• To position the surroundings, location and
ect.
• Graphics better than description —’A
picture tells a thousand words’.
• «Map is the second language of
geography»-N.Baranski
History of cartography
100 A.D. – geometry
1200 – Dark Ages
1300 – Renaissance
 In your best words, describe what a map means to you.
1680 – Enlightenment
1800s – Place => Space
1950+ -- Systems Approach
 Name different types of maps you may come across.
 Evaluation of Cartographical Experience Worksheet
 What is a key used for? A legend? A compass?
 Why are maps important?
 Who designs maps? How do you think this is done?
1.Source:
www.maphistory.info/
2.History of cartography volume 1&2
Early maps
Modern maps
Types and classification of maps
Classed by Scale
Small scale
Medium scale
Large scale
Classed by Function
General reference maps
Thematic/special purpose maps
Charts
Classed by Subject Matter
Cadastral maps
Plans
Soil, vegetation, precipitation, etc
Map making process
Mapping involves information transformations:
•
Data collection
•
Selection
•
Classification
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Simplification (упрощение)
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Exaggeration (преувеличение)
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Symbolization
•
Use of map
The cartographer's task - explore the ramifications of each
mapping possibility and choose the most appropriate for the
intended task. Who is your audience?
Basic characteristics of all maps:
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•
•
•
•
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Location
Attribution (приписывание)
Reduction of reality
Scale
Geometrical transformation/projection
Abstractions of reality
Mapping tools
Mapping in the western world has undergone six
major technological revolution:
• Manual
• Magnetic (compass -12th century)
• Mechanical (Mechanical Printing Press-16th century)
• Optical (telescope 17th century)
• Photochemical (Photography-19th century)
• Electronics (computers, GPS, GIS, 1950-present)
Mapping tools (cont...)
Cartography now
• Digital databases are replacing the printed map as
a means of storage of geographic information
• Intergrated with spatial technologies
(i.e.,Geographic Information Systems, Remote
Sensing, Global Positioning Systems) and
intergral part of Geographic Information Science
(the science of the definition,
use,analysis/interpretation of geographic
information)
Cartography tomorrow
• Maps will not dissapear but will be transformed
• Maps will still be present in the medium of
communication
• Increasing intergration of spatial technologies
• Cartographic principles will aid as a guide for
these developing spatial technologies
Summary
• Cartography is both an art and a science
• It is a very robust sub-discipline of Geography
which is rich and dynamic
• The cartographic introduction we learned in this
class will be directly useful in such classes as
GIS and Remote Sensing
• These principles will be important in other
classes as you may have to understand maps or
construct them for assignments or projects
Evaluation
Evaluation of Cartographical Experience Worksheet
 In your best words, describe what a map means to you.
 Name different types of maps you may come across.
 What is a compass used for? A legend?
 Why are maps important?
 Who designs maps? How do you think this is done?
Reference
History of Cartography volume 1 & 2.
Cartography in prehistoric, ancient, and medieval Europe
and the Mediterranean-Edited by J. B. Harley and David Woodward
Web. Links: en.wikipedia.org/.../History_of_cartography
www.maphistory.info/
academic.emporia.edu/.../h_map.htm
Homework
Our next class would be:
Map Projections and Map
Scale
Please review some books and sources on
that.
THE END