Reasons, Methods & Attitudes
1

2

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Push factor: reasons why an individual leaves their country
Pull factor: reasons why an individual enters a certain country
Immigrant : an individual moving from one country to another
Immigrate : entering another country with an intent to settle there
Emigrate: leaving one’s country for another country with the intent to settle
Persecution : Unfair treatment based on discrimination or prejudiced attitudes.
3



Immigrants were important to the nations industrial revolution
Immigration has
ALWAYS been an important part
United States history
4





Before 1890.
Mostly from Northern and
Western Europe.
Countries like Britain,
Ireland and Germany
Some of these immigrants moved to American cities, some to farms and small towns
5





Beginning in 1890 (mostly)
Many immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe
 Places like Italy, Greece and Russia and Poland
Also immigrants from Japan, China and Mexico
Most of these immigrants moved to American cities
6

3.
4.
1.
2.
5.
What is a push/pull factor?
What does emigrate mean?
How were immigrants important to the Ind. Rev?
Describe the “Old Immigrants”
Describe “New Immigrants”
7

Why did immigrants want to leave the countries that they came from?
8

1.

Europe was experiencing an Industrial Revolution so…
Europe’s agrarian economy was ending
 Harvest machines put farmers out of work


Craftspeople were replaced by factories
Wealthy landowners charged high rent
9

2.
Overpopulation

The population in
Europe between 1870 and 1900 had doubled resulting in scarce land and resources.
 Competing for Land, food, & jobs
10

3.
Political/Religious tension

The Jews of Russia
 lived in restricted settlements and had few legal rights. They were beaten, murdered, raped and had their homes destroyed

1/3 of Russian Jews emigrated to U.S.

Anti-Jewish discrimination is called Anti-Semitism

Refugees from Mexico

After 1910 political tension in Mexico caused Mexicans to flee Mexico and settle in the Southwest region of the United
States
11

Jewish Russians & Mexican Refugees
12

“Alfred Levitt was a Jewish person living in
Russia. During this time, Jews were hated in
Russia. Organized attacks called pogroms, sometimes assisted by the government, were carried out against Russian Jews. Many thousands were killed. In 1905, every Jewishowned business in Alfred’s town was ransacked and looted. His mother hid him from the attackers. As the family huddled in fear, they longed for a better life.”
13

1.
2.
3.
Explain how the Industrial Revolution in Europe was a push factor for emigration? (4 facts)
Explain how Overpopulation was a push factor for emigration? (2 facts)
Explain how Religious persecution and political tension were push factors for emigration? (4 facts)
14

What reasons were causing immigrants to want to COME to the United States?
15

1.
Recruitment for Jobs

American Factories sent representatives to get workers from Europe to work in their factories
2.
Better Living Conditions
In the United States…

Food was plentiful

Land was easier to buy

Wages/Salaries were higher
16

“In Russia everyone thought that
America was such a rich country that you could literally find gold in the streets.”
17

3.
California Gold Rush

Promises of fortune
 1851-1883 300,000 Chinese came seeking gold
4.
Homestead Act of 1862
 “any adult citizen (or person intending to become a citizen) who headed a family could qualify for a grant of
160 acres of public land by paying a small registration fee and living on the land continuously for 5 years.“

Land grants (free) for farmers
18

5.
National
Reclamation Act

Passed in 1902

Created new farmland in Western states, government irrigation projects
19


1.
Thoroughly explain each of the following Pull Factors to the
United States:
Recruitment for jobs
2.
3.
4.
5.
Better living conditions
California Gold Rush
Homestead Act of 1862
National Reclamation Act 1902
20

How did Immigrants get to the United
States in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
21





Improvements in transportation, dramatically shortened the time it took to journey to U.S.
Those who journeyed across oceans mostly used steam ships like Titanic
Trips across the Atlantic
Ocean took about one week
Trips across the Pacific took about three weeks
22




Small island in New
York Harbor
Most European
Immigrants coming to
America during the late
1800s and early 1900s had to stop here.
If you did not pass health tests you were sent back
23




Small island in San
Francisco Bay
Most immigrants from
Asia during the late 1800s and early 1900s had to stop here before being allowed to enter America
Immigrants passing through here were treated more harshly than immigrants at Ellis Island due to anti-Asian prejudice
24

What were Americans’ reactions to immigration during the late 1800s and early 1900s?
25




Some Americans were suspicious or fearful of immigrants because they were new and different.
Many anti-immigrant groups emerged like the Immigration
Restriction League (1894)
Some protestant Americans held prejudiced beliefs against
Catholics and Jews; many of the newer immigrants were members of these religions
26




Passed by congress in 1882
Ended ALL immigration from China to the U.S.
It was continuously extended every ten years until it was repealed
(removed) in 1943
27




The government of Japan was upset because Japanese Americans were being segregated in the Public
Schools of San Francisco
President Teddy Roosevelt and the leaders of Japan reached a
“Gentlemen’s Agreement”
Japan promised to limit emigration to the U.S in exchange for U.S. ending anti-
Japanese segregation
28

1.
2.
3.
What was the most common method of transportation to the United states in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
Explain Ellis and Angel island and their differences and similarities?
a.
Explain each of the following reactions to immigration
Nativism b.
c.
Chinese Exclusion Act
Gentlemen’s Agreement
29