DEALING WITH
HAZARDS AND RISKS
Course Administration
•
•
•
•
Emergency procedures
Facilities ; GSMs
First aid, prayers, refreshments and toilets
Documentation:
– Class roster and HSE passports
• Restrictions:
– Smoking, telephones and pagers
• Introductions:
– Name, company, position and expectations of
the course
Rules of Engagement
Be punctual, no side conversations, show respect and courtesy to others at all
times
Mobile phones switched off.
INCLUDE - Its up to YOU to include the whole team
I - I don’t have all the answers
N - Need to involve the whole team
C - Collective thinking is powerful
L - Learn by listening
U - Understand we think differently
D - Don’t think my way is the only way
E - Establish the best possible outcome together
PDO Emergency Number
From any PDO telephone line call
5555
From mobile phones and external lines call
2467-5555
2438-5555
For Civil Defence Assistance, call
9999
Objectives of the Course
• Develop your knowledge and understanding
of the most common hazards and risks that
are faced at work on daily basis, and
• Develop your knowledge and skills in
dealing with hazards and risks that assures
you always use safe actions and practices in
and around the work place.
Incidents & Accidents
Why do incidents and accidents
happen?
What are the most common and frequent
types of incidents that lead to injuries
and/or fatalities in PDO operations?
What are the reasons that lead to such
incidents?
Working at Height
• What do you see in the
picture?
• What is wrong?
• What more could go
wrong?
• What will be the final result
if things do go wrong?
• How would you do this
job?
Definitions
• Hazard – anything with the
potential to cause harm.
• Barriers – controls in place to
prevent release of the hazards.
Breaking Barriers
• There are always sufficient barriers available to
reduce risks from hazards and prevent incidents.
• When one or more barriers are broken
simultaneously, by mistake or intentionally,
incidents happen.
• In most of the incidents, at least one person
knows in advance that barriers have been
broken but does not action or report it on time.
Definition of Risk
“The chance or probability that someone or
something will be harmed”
Risk = Likelihood × Consequence
Consequence - The amount of harm or damage
that the hazard could cause.
Increasing Consequences
Varying Degrees of Risk
Increasing Likelihood
PDO’s Risk Assessment Matrix (RAM)
Increasing likelihood
No injury or
health
effect
No
damage
No effect
No impact
0
1
Slight injury
or health
effect
Slight
damage
Slight
effect
Slight
impact
2
Minor injury
or health
effect
Minor
damage
Minor
effect
Minor
impact
3
Major injury
or health
effect
Moderate
damage
Moderate
effect
Moderate
impact
4
PTD or up
to 3
fatalities
Major
damage
Major
effect
Major
impact
More than
3 fatalities
Massive
damage
Massive
effect
Massive
impact
5
Assets
People
Reputation
A
Severity
Environment
Consequences
Never
heard of in
the
Industry
B
Heard of
in the
Industry
C
D
Has
happened
in the
Company
or more
than once
per year in
the Industry
Has
happened
at the
Location or
more than
once per
year in the
Company
E
Has
happened
more than
once per
year at the
Location
Breaking Barriers and Defeating Controls
leads to serious consequences
Hazard
Barriers
or Controls
WORK
Consequence
Incidents
Have you ever been involved or witnessed
a serious incident or accident?
• Please share the story with the room.
– What happened?
– Why did it happen?
– Was there any way to prevent it?
Why do people take risk?
Common Workplace Hazards
What are the most common
hazards present in your
workplace?
Common workplace hazards
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Common workplace hazards
Uneven or slippery
surface
Working at height
Moving vehicles
or machinery
Lifting or manual
handling
High pressure or
high temperature
Electrical
installations or
equipment
Dropped objects
Gas release, H2S,
explosion or fire
Radiation
Chemical or
biological
substances
Confined space
Noise & other
environmental
hazards
Hazards and Risks
This cable is a
hazard. Why?
Because there is a risk that you could trip
over it and hurt yourself.
What hazards do you see?
What risks do you see?
Photo 14
Photo 11
Frank
What hazards do you see?
What risks do you see?
Actual Incidents
Fall from Height – 1 Killed
While derrickman was man-riding up
in the derrick, the snatch block
opened and derrickman fell down
about 30-35 m to rigfloor.
Some of the Causes:
• Improper inspection of
equipment
• Use of wrong equipment for manriding
• No Permit to Work used
• Failure to comply with
procedures
Multiple serious Injuries
What happened?
A Halliburton Tubing Operator was
working on the coiled tubing unit (CTU)
platform in the Budour Field when the
platform toppled over. The IP fell
approximately 8m to the ground and
some of the equipment from the platform
landed on top of him.
He suffered fractures to the skull and
nose and had bleeding in his brain.
Shoulder Injury - 2008
What happened?
A Roustabout for Sea & Land Drilling
Contractors, was making his way back down
from the top of the Blow Out Preventer (BOP)
stack when he slipped. He fell from the top of
the shear ram BOP onto the cellar grating,
approx. 2.75m below, landing on his arm. He
was wearing a safety harness at the time.
The Roustabout sustained a dislocated shoulder
and was then transferred to hospital for further
assessment where x-rays revealed he had also
sustained a crack at the top of the upper arm
bone.
•The roustabout had not attached his harness
to the fall arrestor.
Some other Consequences
These can happen on your site.
What will you do to prevent them?
Hazards & Risks
Hazards and Risks
Video
Classroom Hazards & Risks
• What hazards and risk do you see in this
room and anywhere else within this
building?
• What barriers or controls are in place to
assure our safety?
• Discuss and list solutions to make such
activities safer?
Working at Height
• What are the main activities in your workplace
that require working at height?
• What are the hazards and risks involved in such
activities?
• What barriers or controls are in place to assure
safe operations?
• Discuss and list solutions to make such activities
safer?
Working in Confined Spaces
• What are the main activities in your workplace
that require working in confined spaces?
• What are the hazards and risks involved in such
activities?
• What barriers or controls are in place to assure
safe operations?
• Discuss and list solutions to make such activities
safer?
Dealing with High Pressure
• What are the main activities in your workplace
involve dealing with high pressures?
• What are the hazards and risks involved in such
activities?
• What barriers or controls are in place to assure
safe operations?
• Discuss and list solutions to make such activities
safer?
Lifting and Loading Activities
• What are the main activities in your workplace
that require lifting or loading of heavy
equipment?
• What are the hazards and risks involved in such
activities?
• What barriers or controls are in place to assure
safe operations?
• Discuss and list solutions to make such activities
safer?
Chemicals and Radioactive Hazards
• What activities in your workplace require dealing
with chemicals or radioactive materials?
• What are the hazards and risks involved in such
activities?
• What barriers or controls are in place to assure
safe operations?
• Discuss and list solutions to make such activities
safer?
HSE TOOLS &
SYSTEMS
HSE Tools & Systems
• What HSE tools and systems do you have
in your workplace?
– What is good about them that you see being
very effective?
– What is not good that needs to be fixed?
HSE Tools & Systems
• What happens if we do not have
tools & systems in a workplace?
Incidents
Injuries
Fatalities
Key HSE Tools & Systems
Toolbox Meeting
Empowerment to stop
Adequate Supervision
Risk Assessment
HSE MS
•Policies
•Standards
•Procedures
•Specifications
•Guidelines
Rules
JSP
PTW
JHA
Competence STOP
PPE
TRIC
Incidents
Injuries
Fatalities
Key HSE Tools & Systems
Toolbox Meeting
Empowerment to stop
Adequate Supervision
Risk Assessment
HSE MS
•Policies
•Standards
•Procedures
•Specifications
•Guidelines
Rules
JSP
PTW
JHA
Competence STOP
PPE
TRIC
• Which one is the most important tool
in your workplace?
• Why is it the most important?
• Which one of the above is the last
line of defence to prevent incidents?
• Why is it the last line of defence?
Incidents
Injuries
Fatalities
Rules
• Golden Rules
• House Rules
• Life Saving Rules
• What are these rules? mention some.
• Why are they important?
• What are you going to do about them?
PDO HSE Golden Rules
You and I:
So, if you and I:
• Comply with the
law, standards and
procedures
• Intervene on
unsafe or noncompliant actions
• Respect our
neighbours
• Respect those we work and
come into contact with,
• We will intervene on unsafe
or non-compliant actions,
and in so doing
• Achieve compliance with
the law, standards and
procedures.
John Malcolm – MD, PDO
PDO HSE House Rules
• I stop any job that feels unsafe
• I understand the rules for a job or I find out.
• I wear the correct Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
for the task.
• I use the right tool for the job and use them correctly.
• I keep my workplace clean, tidy & free from obstruction.
• I hold the handrail when using the stairs.
• I do use a seatbelt and do not use a mobile phone whilst
driving.
• I reduce sources of waste.
Life Saving Rules
Stopping work to
correct unsafe
acts or practices
Authority to Stop unsafe work
• Who may stop unsafe work?
• How will you use it in your workplace?
• Do you think it is a useful tool?
• Why does it fail most of the time to
prevent incidents, accidents & injuries?
Authority to Stop unsafe work
You are authorised by PDO’s MD:
• to use this HSE tool if you believe any
work or action is unsafe or potentially
unsafe.
• to INTERVENE, and STOP the work,
and to correct the unsafe action or
condition, without penalty to yourself.
Why do you think people
avoid using this simple,
but essential tool of
Stopping unsafe work?
How can you help to break
down the barriers you have
identified that cause some to
avoid using using the tool for
stopping unsafe work?
Stopping unsafe work
Permit to
Work System
Permit to Work (PTW)
• What do you think a PTW system is?
• Why do you think we have a PTW system?
• Who do you think is involved in it?
• How do you think it works?
• What problems can you think it might present
you with?
Obtain a valid Permit to Work
whenever required for the task at hand
• PTW Applicant must visit the worksite
when planning the task.
• The PTW Approver must also visit the
worksite, when required by the PTW
procedure.
• An effective, documented toolbox talk is
needed to ensure that all PTW
conditions are well understood by the
work team.
• Proper controls and procedures must be
followed.
• Through site visits, supervisors and
department heads shall verify PTW is
adhered to and Job Safety Plans are
being followed.
Look at this incident & find out what goes wrong
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
What Went Wrong?
• Do you think a PTW was used?
• If yes, why did it fail?
• If no, how would a PTW prevent this
incident?
Toolbox-Talk
(TBT)
Toolbox Talks (TBT)
• What do you think a TBT is?
• Who delivers it?
• When should it be delivered?
• Why is it important to have them?
• Why is a TBT of benefit to you?
• What should you do if something changes after
the TBT?
Toolbox-Talk Risk
Identification Card
(TRIC)
Toolbox-Talk Risk Identification Card (TRIC)
Planning of the Job
1. Check job requirements & timings.
2. Check if Permit to Work is required.
3. Break job down into tasks overleaf.
4. Ensure all people required for the job are
competent and involved in hazard
identification process.
5. Identify and list all hazards for each task.
6. Identify and list all controls needed for
each task.
7. Assign responsible person to check &
ensure controls are in place.
8. Verify if the controls are active & sufficient
for the job.
9. Hold toolbox talk with all using TRIC
10. Carry out work & perform Dynamic Risk
Review as scheduled.
Check Points
• Does everyone have correct PPE?
• Do you have all required tools &
they are in good condition?
• Is everyone aware of other activities
happening on-site?
• Have you discussed Life Saving Rules?
• Have you agreed how to communicate
with each other?
• Does everyone know that if there is a shift
change or new people joining then another
TBT is required?
Dynamic Risk Review
As the work progresses, conditions
Change and hazards, risk & controls must
be reassessed. It is planned, as a minimum
to re-assess them at the following stages:
1.
2.
Toolbox Talk
Risk
Identification
Card
Location: ____________________________________________________________
3.
TBT Leader: _______________________________________________________
4.
Date: ________________________________Time: _______________________
Use the Pause & Check Card for Dynamic Risk Review
Job: ___________________________________________________________________
Use hazards warning signs below as reminders
Moving
Vehicles or
Machinery
High pressure
High
temperature
Electrical
Equipment/
Installation
Chemicals,
Radiation
Uneven or
slippery
surfaces
Gas Release,
H2S, Fire
Attendees
1_____________________________
7 ____________________________
2_____________________________
8 ____________________________
3_____________________________
9 ____________________________
4_____________________________
10___________________________
5_____________________________
11___________________________
6_____________________________
12___________________________
Indicate Yes by √ or No by x wherever applicable
If the answer to any of these questions is
NO , then the safety of you and your team
is at risk. Pause and check again.
In case of emergency call 5555 via any
PDO phone line or 24-675555 via mobile
phone or external line
Action Required:
Dropped
Objects
Lifting &
Handling
Noise or Other
Environmental
Hazards
Update procedures:
Update Risk
Assessments:
Other:
Reviewed By (Initials):
Talk Leader:
Supervisor:
Manager:
Procedure Reference:
Job Card/Permit #/HAZ-ID #
HAZARDS CONTROL SHEET
Use this section to break the job down into steps, identify the hazards
and controls and assign responsibilities for the controls.
Job Description:
Tasks:
Hazards:
Controls:
Responsibilities:
Break the job down into a logical
sequence of steps
What hazards did you find for each
task?
What controls are in place or will you
put in place?
Who will be responsible for
each of those controls?
Debrief: use this space to record any comments or new learning from the job.
Life Saving
Rules
Tick & discuss
rules that apply
Are controls
in place?
No
Yes
A good TRIC - Talk will
identify all risks that exist
prior to starting the job
Many incidents are caused
by a failure to recognise
change
The TRIC - Talk Leader
should use ‘Pause & Check’
to re-assess the TRIC at
regular intervals
Remember, you are duty
bound to stop a job if you
have a safety concern
Talk Leaders should review the following with the Work Party and
take corrective action where necessary.
Has anything changed since the
Discuss changes with Work Party
job started?
and add to the TRIC card.
Has anyone joined the team?
Ensure they are fully briefed on the
task and their responsibilities.
Has anyone left the team?
Make sure their duties are reallocated
to remaining team members.
Are lifting methods changing?
Ensure it is covered within the scope
of the PTW
Has weather, temperature,
light, or visibility changed?
Assess, discuss and add to TRIC
where applicable.
Is there another Work Party
nearby?
Discuss both jobs with other party to
avoid clashes.
Is the work site clean and tidy,
and clear of slip & trip hazards?
Take time to review the work site
and eliminate hazards.
Are the barriers correct?
Recheck and adjust if necessary.
Remove redundant barriers.
Are the tools and materials on
site for the next phase of work?
Ensure these are on site before
restarting. Remove surplus items.
Does everyone know what to do
in an Emergency – Safety Plan
Test understanding and ensure all
safety equipment with workers is
operational
Does everybody understand the
work plan and responsibilities?
Test everyone’s understanding
before restarting.
Please work safely, follow procedures, and be alert for change. Remember the PDO
Golden Rules & House Rules and everyone has the right to stop a job if they have a
safety concern.
A good TRIC - Talk will
identify all risks that exist
prior to starting the job
Talk Leaders should review the following with the Work Party and
take corrective action where necessary.
Has anything changed since the
Discuss changes with Work Party
job started?
and add to the TRIC card.
Has anyone joined the team?
Ensure they are fully briefed on the
task and their responsibilities.
Has anyone left the team?
Make sure responsibilities go to
another team member
Are lifting methods changing?
Ensure it is covered within the scope
of the PTW
Has weather, temperature,
light, or visibility changed?
Assess, discuss and add to TRIC
where applicable.
The TRIC - Talk Leader
should use ‘Pause & Check’
to re-assess the TRIC at
regular intervals
Is there now another Work Party
nearby?
Discuss both jobs with other party to
avoid clashes.
Is the work site clean and tidy,
and clear of slip & trip hazards?
Take time to review the work site
and eliminate hazards.
Are the barriers correct?
Re-check and adjust if necessary.
Remove redundant barriers.
Remember, you are duty
bound to stop a job if you
have a safety concern
Are the tools and materials on
site for the next phase of work?
Confirm available and fit-for-purpose
Does everyone understand the
work plan and responsibility?
Test everyone’s understanding
before restarting.
Does everyone know what to do
in an emergency? Safety Plan
Test understanding and ensure all
safety equipment with workers is
operational
Many incidents are caused
by a failure to recognise
change
Please work safely, follow procedures, and be alert for change. Remember the PDO Golden Rules & House
Rules and everyone has the right to stop a job if they have a safety concern.
Safety Training Observation Program
STOP
Safety Contact
Iceberg
•Fatalities
•Lost Time Injuries
•Medical Treatment
•First-Aid Cases
•Unsafe Acts
•Unsafe Conditions
What is STOP™?
•
•
•
•
Safety
Training
Observation
Programme
STOP™ and You
• Managers and supervisors will do
STOP™ visits
• Safe and Unsafe Acts and Conditions
• Fill in a STOP™ card
• No name, except manager/supervisor
• Talk about safety with each other
• Make suggestions!
Head to Toe Check
Using the STOP™ ‘Total Observation’ Technique
•Look ...
•Above
•Below
•Behind
•Inside
•ABBI
Using the STOP™ ‘Total Observation’ Technique
•Listen ...
•Unusual sounds ...
•Smell ...
•Unusual odours ...
•Feel ...
•Unusual temperatures or
vibrations ...
•What is Safe?
What is Unsafe?
•What is Safe?
•What is Unsafe?
STOP™ Card
THE STOP™ CATEGORIES
THE STOP™ CATEGORIES
THE STOP™ CATEGORIES
THE STOP™ CATEGORIES
THE STOP™ CATEGORIES
How to fill in the card
(example 1)
•You do a STOP™ on an
employee. As you approach,
he quickly puts his hard hat
on. When you speak to him
he admits he knows why he
should wear the hard hat.
•What did the employee do?
•What PPE was the problem?
•What could have happened?
•What could be said about the procedure?
How to fill in the card
(example 2)
•You do a STOP™ on an
employee. He stands on three
crates (1m tall each) to tighten
a bolt. You speak to him and he
says he knows of no other way
to do it. There was no reaction
from him when you approached
•Did the employee use a safety harness?
•What could have happened?
•Did he have the right tool for the job?
•What could be said about the procedure?
The Back Of The Card
•Safe Acts
•Unsafe
acts
What is a STOP™ Safety Observation?
•+
•0:
00
•0:30
min
The STOP™ Observation Process …
THINK
How to talk to someone...
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Stop the person
Say something good
Express concern for the unsafe act
Explain what could happen
Ask the person to work safely in the future
Say thank you
Fill in the STOP™ card or ask someone to fill it in for
you
• Hand STOP™ card in
Group Discussion
• Why would we want to talk to each other about
• working safely?
• What would be the effect if we all worked
• safely all the time?
Finale
Why we have Rules
More Hazards And
Risk Exercises Slides
Photo 2
Photo 13
Photo 8
Photo 6
Photo 10
Photo 16
Photo 5
Frank