Warm Up
► What
was the “Open Door” policy and what country
was it aimed at?
► What
does it mean when we say that the US
“Opened” Japan?
► Why
did the US go to war with Spain and what
territories did the US acquire as a result of the war?
► What
constitutional issue developed as a result of
the U.S. becoming an imperial power?
► What
reason did McKinley give for retaining the
Philippians?
Problems in Cities at the
turn of the Century
(1890s-1900s)
Review
► Who
was Madison Grant and what were his main
ideas?
► Who
were the “New” immigrants and why was
their a lot of hostility towards them?
►A
= People from Southern & Eastern Europe.
They were different than most previous
immigrants to America in that they were not of the
“Nordic” race and were primarily Catholic and
Jewish.
Jacob Riis
►
Born in Denmark
►
America’s 1st
Photojournalist
►
Book = How the Other
►
It about the poor living
conditions of the “New”
immigrants.
Half Lives: Studies Among
the Tenements of New
York.
Increased Urbanization
► More
people moving to cities at end of
1800s.
► Improved
farm machines = fewer farm jobs.
People went to cities to look for work.
► “New
Immigrants” also going to cities.
Social Problems
► High
crime rates
► Poor
housing for the poor and “New
immigrants” (Tenements).
► Bad
Sanitation
Dumbbell Tenements
► Type
of tenement that got narrow in
middle.
► Built like this because a law said every room
needed a window.
► If
you were an immigrant from Italy arriving
in New York city in 1900, what would you
need once you got here? Who do you think
would help you?
Reading
► Read
textbook pg. 238 “Political Corruption”
► Read
Handout
Political Corruption
►
Lots of $ being spent as cities got more crowded.
►
Political Machines = political organizations that exchanged
favors for votes.
►
Once in power, used political offices to get $ and give
favors.
►
Most Democratic Political Machines give favors to “new
Immigrants” to get their votes.
►
Most famous machine is Tammany Hall in New York City.
William “Boss” Tweed
► Leader
Hall
of Tammany
Why Would people not like corrupt
Political Machines?
► Because
people in government are
supposed to do things for the public good,
not to make $ for themselves.
► Also,
people should vote for who will do the
best for everybody, not because they did
you a favor.
Jane Addams
► Wants
to help urban
immigrants.
► Settlement
Houses —
provide educational
and social services for
immigrants.
► Hull
House (Chicago)
Differing Views on “New”
Immigrants.
► People
like Jane Addams want to help them
assimilate—learn how to be like everybody else.
► Others
hold nativist attitudes—they do not really
want any immigrants coming to the US (especially
ones that are not from western and northern
Europe and are not Protestant.
► Nativists
generally call for laws to limit
immigration.
Recap
►
What were some of the problems with cities in at the turn
of the century?
►
Who was Jacob Riis, what was the name of his book, and
what was it about?
►
What were political machines and what was their
relationship to the “New” Immigrants?
►
What was the most infamous political machine?
►
What were settlement houses?
►
What was the name of the most famous settlement house
and who was the woman who ran it?
Re-Cap
► By
1900s, Eastern cities were getting larger, but
this created many problems.
► Jacob
Riis documented the many problems that
the “New Immigrants” faced in America.
► Most
big-city governments were run by political
machines like Tammany hall and where corrupt.
► Settlement
Houses were set up to help the “New
Immigrants.”
Melting pot v. Salad bowl
► The
melting pot is a
metaphor for a heterogeneous
society becoming more
homogeneous, the different
elements "melting together"
into a harmonious whole with
a common culture. It is
particularly used to describe
the assimilation of immigrants
to the United States;
The Salad Bowl
► the
salad bowl analogy where the
ingredients are encouraged to retain their
cultural identities, thus retaining their
"integrity and flavor" while contributing to a
tasty salad
Increased transportation
► Cable-cars
► Trolley
cars
► Subways
► Allow
for cities to get even bigger.