KONSEP KAJIAN
TINDAKAN
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APAKAH KAJIAN TINDAKAN?
Act-ReviewAct- Review
 Action + Research
 Change + Understanding
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TUJUAN KAJIAN TINDAKAN
There are two essential aims of all action research;
to improve and to involve.
Action research aims at improvement in these areas;
• Firstly, the improvement of practice;
• Secondly, the improvement of understanding of
the practice by its practitioners; and
• Thirdly, the improvement of the situation in which
the practice take place…
Those involved in the practice being considered are to
be involved in the action research process in all its
phases of planning, acting, observing and reflecting.
(Carr & Kemmis 1986:165)
TUJUAN KAJIAN TINDAKAN
1.Membantu guru menghadapi cabaran.
2.Mengeluarkan guru dari kongkongan
amalan rutin.
3.Memberi kuasa(empowerment) untuk
membuat keputusan dalam bilik darjah.
4.Menggalakkan guru berkongsi
pengalaman.
5.Menjadi agen perubahan.
Action Research – A summary
DILAKUKAN OLEH PENGAMAL
(The project is undertaken by the PARTICIPANTS in
the situation, not by outsiders studying the practice of
an individual or group. )
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BERBENTUK KITARAN / GELUNGAN
(The project proceeds through a SPIRAL OF CYCLES
of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting.)
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Action Research- A summary
MENAMBAHBAIK AMALAN
(The project IMPROVES PRACTICE for the participants
and has the potential to improve practice for the wider
field.)
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PENAMBAHBAIKAN HOLISTIK
(Action Research is at the same time a research
methodology and a process for INDIVIDUAL AND
ORGANIZATIONAL IMPROVEMENT.)
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CIRI-CIRI KAJIAN
TINDAKAN
 BERBENTUK KITARAN
 KOLABORASI
 KUALITATIF
 REFLEKSI
 RESPONSIF
 EMERGENT
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KITARAN
KAJIAN TINDAKAN
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KITARAN / GELUNGAN PERTAMA
Ke
KITARAN / GELUNGAN KEDUA
Langkah 1
MENGENAL PASTI ASPEK AMALAN
Langkah 2
MERANCANG PELAN TINDAKAN
Langkah 5
MEREFLEKS TENTANG
DAPATAN KAJIAN
TERHADAP TINDAKAN, dll
Langkah 3
MELAKSANAKAN TINDAKAN
Langkah 4
MENGUMPUL DATA TENTANG
TINDAKAN
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Lewin, 1946 dan Laidlaw,1992
“Action Research involves problem
posing, not just problem solving. It
does not start from a view of
problems as pathologies. It is
motivated by a quest to improve and
understand the world by changing it
and learning how to improve it from
the effects of the changes made.”
(Cathy Caro-Bruce on April 19, 2004
in support of the Florida Professional
Development System Evaluation
Protocol)
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Problem implies that there is
something wrong, when what
is meant in action research
terms is that “a problem is a
definition of a need for change
and describes how certain
issues can be addressed”
(Cunningham 1993:75)
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ACTION RESEARCH is :
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NOT a LIBRARY PROJECT where we learn
more about a topic that interests us.
NOT PROBLEM-SOLVING in the sense of trying
to find out what is wrong, but rather a quest for
knowledge about how to IMPROVE.
NOT doing research ON OR ABOUT PEOPLE, or
finding all available information on a topic looking
for the correct answers.
NOT about learning WHY WE DO CERTAIN
THINGS, but rather HOW WE CAN DO THINGS
BETTER. It is about how we can change our
instruction to impact students.
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Action research…………
Action research is concerned with bringing about
change. Its aim is not to solve problems per se,
but to find ways of bringing about change so that
the reasons for these problems can be
eliminated.
Action research is about people working
together in collaborative ways so that they can
grow professionally
Action research is much more about process
rather than about product
GOOD ACTION RESEARCH
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Aims to REALISE EDUCATIONAL VALUES
INTEGRATES teaching and research
DEVELOPS the curriculum
Implies REFLEXIVE teaching and not simply
reflective teaching
Gathering DIFFERENT POINTS OF VIEWS
DEFINE rather than apply quality indicators
(Elliott, 1991)
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