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Peace Support Operations
18 Oct 12
Lt Col Tim
Harbinson
GBR-A
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British Army in Northern Ireland
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NATO in Bosnia
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NATO in Zagreb
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HQ ISAF Jan – Jul 09
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UK PJHQ Pakistan Mar – Dec 11
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NATO School
Slide 1 of 263
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Scope
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To give you an understanding of
PSO within NATO (Allied Joint
3.4.1(A)) Publication
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Familiarize you with some of the
terms and concepts used in
NATO PSO
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Highlight the complexities
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What are NATO Peace
Support Operations (PSO)?
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“An operation that impartially makes use of
diplomatic, civil and military means,
normally in pursuit of UN Charter purposes
and principles, to restore or maintain
peace”. Such operations may include
conflict prevention, peace-making, peace
enforcement, peacekeeping, peace
building and/or support to humanitarian
assistance”.
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UK – Malaya 52-57
Robert Thompson’s
5 Principles of
Counter Insurgency
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Peace Support Operations
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Types of PSO
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Aim
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The Environment
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The Actors
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Principles
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Summary
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What are NATO Peace Support
Operations (PSO)?
PSO - not War Fighting
Non-Article 5 - Crisis Response Operations
Disaster relief
Search and Rescue
Humanitarian Ops
Non Combatant Evacuation
Sanctions/Embargos
Conflict prevention
Peace keeping
Peace enforcement
Peace making
Article 5 – Coll Def
War
Fighting
National Caveats and Rules of
Engagement!
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Types of PSO
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Conflict Prevention
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Enforcement of Sanctions and Embargoes
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Peacemaking
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Peace Enforcement
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Peacekeeping
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Peacebuilding
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Training
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Disarm, demob, reintegration (DDR)
Support to Humanitarian Assistance
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Refugee and Internally Displaced Person
Assistance
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Aims of PSOs
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Influencing will, understanding and capability
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An agreed military end-state
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Rule of law established
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Internal security mechanism has control
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Levels of violence within societal norms
An agreed political end-state
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Complexity of Crises
PMESII
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The ‘Actors’
Most Obvious:
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Diplomatic Community
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International Community:
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International Organizations
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UN
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Military (NATO, EU, OSCE)
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ICRC
Other Organizations (NGO)
(The Crisis Area): Regional
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Host and Neighboring Nations
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Local Government
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Other Military (regulars, security, militias, tribal
etc)
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Police
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Private Military Security Companies
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Terrorist/Insurgent/Criminal (Spoilers)
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IO - Goodwill Ambassador
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The Actors: International Organisations
The United Nations
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ARTICLE 1, UN Charter:
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“to maintain international peace and security”.
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Can issue Mandates:
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Chapter 6: Peaceful Settlement (by invitation)
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Chapter 7: Enforcement Actions
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Chapter 8: Regional Arrangements
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Task: Restore Civil Society!!
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From unarmed military observers to tailored
multi-dimensional forces
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NATO Operations and Missions
2011
Libya
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Military – European Union
*. FYROM: Recognized by Turkey
under its constitutional name.
*
*
*
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Non-Governmental
Organisations
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Humanitarian Assistance
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Redevelopment
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The Actors : Host Nation
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Is there a Government?
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Continual dialogue (Language)!
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Local military / police/ armed civilians and private
armed military/security contractors - under
control? (Joint Military Commissions)
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Criminal justice system working (Governance)?
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Hardest to effect. . . ethnic and religious issues
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Emphasize shared benefits and common goals
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The Actors: Local Population
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Building trust and confidence after human
rights abuses and suffering!
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Criminal
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Trade
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The Actors: The Media
The Media is a multi
billion dollar business
They have time critical
deadlines
Soldiers and their families
access the news as well
He understands exactly
how publicity can assist
his cause
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Real time reporting & imagery
from the middle of nowhere
(mobile, laptop & satellite
communications).
‘Bad news is good news!”
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Principles of PSO
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Impartiality
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Consent
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Restraint
Objective / End State
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Perseverance
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Unity of Effort
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Flexibility
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Legitimacy
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Security
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Credibility
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Mutual Respect
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Transparency
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Freedom of
Movement
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Principles - Impartiality
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…a Peace Support Force should always be
impartial and even handed; if force is used
against a particular party, it should only be
because of what that party is doing (or not
doing) in relation to the mandate…
…if force is used it must be used with
restraint
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Principles - Consent
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The promotion of cooperation and consent
is fundamental to achieving the political
‘end state’ in all Peace Support Operations
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The need to promote cooperation and
consent and the long-term demands of
peace will constrain the use of all military
techniques, and not just the use of force
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Consent
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Principles -Restraint
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The consequences of using force reach far
beyond the immediate tactical situation. Political
considerations…will require that all military
actions…are restrained…against the long-term
requirements of peace building
In cases of clear breaches of the mandate…the
use of force…may serve to enhance the
credibility of the force and the consent for the
operation nationally and internationally
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Principles of PSO
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Impartiality
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Consent
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Restraint
Objective / End State
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Perseverance
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Unity of Effort
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Flexibility
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Legitimacy
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Security
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Credibility
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Mutual Respect
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Transparency
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Freedom of
Movement and Action
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Legitimacy
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Perceived Legitimacy
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Principles – Civ Mil Coop
“The co-ordination and co-operation,
in support of the mission,
between the NATO commander
and
civil actors, including national population and
local authorities, as well as international,
national and non-governmental
organizations and agencies.“
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Military Operations within a
Wider Context
Diplomatic Line of Operation
Economic
Military
End
State
State
End
Reconstruction
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Summary
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A complex environment with many actors
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They are discretionary, so legitimacy will always
be an issue
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Military activities will be in support. The military
end state will only contribute to the decisive
outcome
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Recognise the primacy of the political line of
activity – have a comprehensive understanding of
the problem
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Questions?
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