Female orgasmic disorder By: Jeffrey Cooper What is female orgasmic disorder? Basically, female orgasmic disorder (or FOD) is an inability to orgasm, or reach sexual stimulation. According to the DSM-IV, “Female Orgasmic Disorder is a persistent or recurrent delay in, or absence of, orgasm following a normal sexual excitement phase.” Symptoms • Woman may be sexually aroused but never reach orgasm. • Orgasmic capacity is less than would be reasonable for her age, sexual experience, and/or the adequacy of sexual stimulation she receives. • Most prevalent in younger women. • Mostly Lifelong disorder, not acquired. • Can lead to other disorders such as depression, anxiety, and debilitating feelings of inadequacy. Aetiology Learning perspective• A conditioned stimulus (the act of sex) has been conditioned to be a negative thing. For example: rape, unsatisfying sexual experiences. • Orgasmic capacity is learned through conditioning and experience, this conditioning has not been created. Biological perspective• Medications- blood pressure medications, antidepressants know as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, anti-anxiety medications and sedatives • Alcohol • Surgery (childbirth) • Pelvic floor prolapse • Hormonal dysfunctions Cognitive perspective • I think therefore I am • The physiological arousal is inhibited by the emotion. • Cognitive appraisal theory- emotional state is based on our assessment of the situation and its significance to well-being Treatment Learning Perspective • Continue sexual activity through intercourse or masturbation in an attempt to create a CR. • Use modelling to show sexual stimulation as the correct response. Biological perspective • Hormone replacement therapy • If it is related to compromised blood flow or nerve damage: blood flow enhancing agents/devices like Viagra or the EROS-CTD, hormonal creams, etc. • Switching medications • Kegel exercises to tone pelvic muscles. This involves a routinary start and stop the stream of urine to strengthen the contractionary pelvic muscles. Cognitive perspective • Cognitive therapy to understand why the sexual experience is not attributed to an orgasmic climax. • Introspection/self-help Bibliography • Sex Health at Oprah.com http://www.oprah.com/presents/2004/kyb/sex/kyb_sex_orgasm.jhtml • Network for excellence in Women’s sexual health (NEWSHE) http://newshe.com/factsheets/Orgasmic_Disorder.shtml • AllPsych Online http://allpsych.com/disorders/sexual/orgasmfemale.html • PsychNet-UK http://www.psychnet-uk.com/dsm_iv/female_orgasmic_disorder.htm • HealthAtoZ http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/sexual_dysfunction. jsp • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Version IV, Axis 1, Orgasmic Disorders. P505-507