The Canine Muscle Atlas Project
Loading, Viewing, and Interacting
with the Canine Muscle Atlas
3D model
Getting started
• Download the MuscleAtlas3Dmodel.zip file.
– Extract all files and note where they are saved
• Download and install the latest stable release
of 3D Slicer from:
http://slicer.org/pages/Special:SlicerDownloads
– 3D Slicer is large and the download time will depend on
the connectivity method
– Open the 3D Slicer program
Click “File” and select “Load Scene”
Find the folder containing the files that you
downloaded and unzipped.
Open the CanineMuscleAtlas.mrml file
(ignore the _CanineMuscle.mrml file)
The skeletal model should automatically
display with the right limb muscles
displayed; this may take a few minutes
Reorienting the model
To move the
model in real
time, click on the
3D display window
and drag the
mouse
Clicking on
the axis labels
will result in
standardized
orthogonal
views
To move the
model
incrementally,
click on these
buttons with the
to change the
pitch, roll, or yaw
Changing the display window
To change the
background
color,
hide the 3D cube
or hide the 3D
axis labels, select
the pop-ups
activated by
clicking the eye.
Changing the structures on display
Click on the stack
of cameras to
select muscles
grouped by
function (e.g. stifle
extensors) or
muscles grouped
by innervation
(e.g. by femoral
nerve). There will
be a delay when
changing between
scenes.
The “Stifle_extensors” snapshot
Muscles in
this group
are
indicated by
an “open”
eye in the
MRML tree.
Selective display
Although the snapshots provide rapid display of preset groups, the
user is able to tailor the 3D model to display individual muscles.
Choose the “Skeleton 1” snapshot to display the 3D bone
model. Then click on any “closed eye” in the MRML tree to
display that muscle. See blue arrow above. See next slide.
Selective display
For example, by checking the eye next to the quadriceps femoris
muscle, it will be displayed on the skeleton.
User interface display options
By clicking on the blue button,
you can change the layout of
the user interface window, to
simultaneously display the
segmented MR images.
User interface display options
Or display only a single panel of images…
Label identification
Easy muscle identification
is one advantage of
displaying the segmented
MR images. Placing the
mouse over a colorblock
segmentation results in
the muscle identification
appearing in the lower left
of the image (see arrow).
This can be done with in
the 4 panel display, or in
the a single panel display
Cursor
Muscle
Label identification
Cursor
Muscle
More to know…
• Slicer is an incredibly powerful program with
diverse capabilities. In this tutorial only the
most basic functions have been explained.
• For more information on the capabilities of 3D
Slicer, see the following website:
http://www.slicer.org/slicerWiki/index.php/Tr
aining
Appendix
In creating the 3D model snapshots, the pelvic
limb musculature was categorized by function,
and by innervation.
The following lists provide the individual
muscles included in each grouping.
Muscles categorized by function
Hip supination
•
•
•
•
Iliopsoas
Internal obturator
Quadratus femoris
External obturator
Hip abduction
•
•
•
•
•
Superficial gluteal
Middle gluteal
Piriformis
Deep gluteal
Abductor cruris caudalis
Hip adduction
•
•
•
•
Gracilis
Pectineus
Adductor magnus and brevis
Adductor longus
Hip flexion
•
•
•
•
•
Iliopsoas
Tensor fasciae latae
Rectus femoris (quadriceps femoris)
Articularis coxae
Sartorius
Hip extension
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Superficial gluteal
Middle gluteal
Deep gluteal
Piriformis
Quadratus femoris
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus (stance phase)
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus et brevis
Stifle flexion
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Biceps femoris (non-weight bearing)
Abductor cruris caudalis
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus (non-weight bearing)
Sartorius (caudal part)
Gastrocnemius
Superficial digital flexor
Stifle extension
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tensor fasciae latae
Biceps femoris (stance phase)
Semimembranosus (stance phase)
Quadriceps femoris
Articularis genus
Sartorius (cranial part)
Resists supination of the limb
• Popliteus
Tarsal flexion
• Cranial tibial
• Long digital extensor
• Peroneus (fibularis) longus
Tarsal extension
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus (stance)
Gracilis
Gastrocnemius
Superficial digital flexor
Deep digital flexor
Caudal tibial
Digital flexion
• Superficial digital flexor
• Deep digital flexor (medial and lateral heads)
Digital extension
• Long digital extensor
• Lateral digital extensor
Pronation of the pes
• Peroneus (fibularis) longus
Supination of the pes
• Cranial tibial
Muscles categorized by
innervation
Femoral nerve † (L4-L6)
• Quadriceps femoris
• Articularis coxae
• Sartorius (occas saphenous n., a br. of femoral n.)
† forms within the body of the iliopsoas m.
Obturator Nerve (L4-L6)
•
•
•
•
•
Gracilis
Pectineus
Adductor magnus et brevis
Adductor longus
External obturator
Gluteal nerves (lumbosacral trunk)
• Cranial gluteal nerve (L6-S1)
– Deep gluteal
– Middle gluteal
– Tensor fasciae latae
– Piriformis1
• Caudal gluteal nerve (L7, occas S1-S2)
– Superficial gluteal
– Piriformis2
Sciatic nerve (L6-S1)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Internal obturator
Gemelli
Quadratus femoris
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Abductor cruris caudalis
Common & deep peroneal nerves
(L6-7) br. of sciatic nerve
• Peroneus(fibularis) longus (common and deep
peroneal nn.)
• Peroneus(fibularis) longus (deep peroneal n)
• Cranial tibial (deep peroneal n.)
• Long digital extensor (deep peroneal n.)
Tibial nerve (L6-S1)
larger br. of sciatic nerve
•
•
•
•
•
Gastrocnemius
Superficial digital flexor
Deep digital flexor
Caudal tibial
Popliteus
References
1. Evans HE, deLahunta A. Guide to the Dissection of the Dog. 7th ed. St.
Louis: W. B. Saunders; 2010.
2. Evans HE. Miller's anatomy of the dog. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W. B.
Saunders Co.; 1993.
3. Done SH, Goody PD, Evans SA, Stickland NC. Color atlas of veterinary
anatomy, volume 3. New York: Mosby; 1996.
4. Smallwood JE, George TF. Anatomic atlas for computed tomography in the
mesaticephalic dog: abdomen and pelvis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound
1992;33:147-167.
5. Yushkevich PA, Piven J, Hazlett HC, Smith RG, Ho S, Gee JC, and Gerig G.
User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures:
Significantly improved efficiency and reliability. Neuroimage 2006 Jul
1;31(3):1116-28.