Creating Effective Facilitation Plans
for Capacity Building CHA/CHIP
Support
Laurie Call
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Learning Objectives
Participants will be able to…
Apply a tool for development of effective facilitation
plans
Describe methods for building partner capacity for
effective facilitation
Match facilitation tools and techniques with client
needs
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Rationale and Challenge
Rationale
• 81% of survey respondents reported serving in a facilitator role
with CHA/CHIP work
• Skill and techniques applicable in many areas of our work and
essential to good CHA/CHIP.
• The best facilitation comes from strong facilitation plans.
• Increasing our facilitation toolbox through observing, hearing
about, learning about different techniques keeps us fresh and
expands our capacity.
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Typical Facilitation Roles in CHA/ CHIP Work
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Understanding client needs to develop facilitation
plans
1. What are the objectives of this
meeting?
2. What does the group want the end
product to be?
3. At what stage is the group in group
development?
4. How much time do we have?
5. Others?
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And…
1. What’s the history of the group and their work?
2. Why does the group feel a need for a facilitator?
3. How does this meeting fit in the context of overall
goals?
4. What can you tell me about leadership, members,
group dynamics etc.?
5. What do you hope that happen as a result of this
meeting?
6. Verify any assumptions you may have.
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Stages of Group
Development
Adjourning
Performing
Forming
Storming
Norming
Bruce Tuckman, 1965
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Stages of Group Development
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The 5 P’s of Preparation
Purpose
• Why are we holding the session?
• What are the key objectives?
Product
• What do we want to have produced once we are done?
• How will we know we are successful?
Participants
• Who needs to be involved?
• What are their perspectives?
Probable
Issues
• What are the concerns that will likely arise?
• What are the “gotchas” that could prevent us from creating the product and achieving the
purpose?
Process
• What steps should we take during the meeting to achieve the purpose, given the desired
product, the participants, and the probable issues we face?
Michael Wilkinson, 2004.
The Secrets of Facilitation
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The Facilitator’s Best Tool….Questions
• The ability of the group to respond to a question is
significantly affected by the quality of the question the
facilitator asks.
– The first thing we want to talk about are inputs. What are the
inputs to the scheduling process?
or
– If you were about to develop the clinic staffing schedules,
what information would you have to have close by?
• When you draw a vivid image, participants can almost
literally see the answers and can begin responding right
away.
– Start with an image building phrase such as “Think about…”,
“Imagine..”, “If…” and “Consider…”
Michael Wilkinson, 2004.
The Secrets of Facilitation
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An Effective Facilitator…
•
•
•
•
•
•
listens and observes
uses visual aids effectively
records ideas legibly
asks probing questions
thinks quickly
acknowledges and responds to
emotions
• paraphrases
• summarizes
• resolves conflict
• uses humor effectively
• knows a variety of
techniques for group
discussions, including
problem-solving and decisionmaking
• designs or chooses
appropriate group discussion
techniques
• understands people and
groups, and
• energizes the group.
Considerations when Developing Facilitation Plans
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Good Reminder…
When
Designing
Processes
5 Levels of Involvement
Consider the
Level of Involvement
Needed
Determine/ Design the
Activity
Extensive
Discussion
Comments
and
Questions
Convergence
and
Alignment
Ownership
and
Commitment
Higher Time Commitment
Presenting and
Reporting
Determine Time
Estimate
Adapted from: Community at Work 2007, Sam
Kaner, Facilitators Guide to Participatory
Decision Making, 2nd Ed.
Lower Time Commitment
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Tools for Developing
Effective Facilitation Plans
ORID information on the following slides is:
Adapted from: ToP® Group Facilitation Methods: Focused Conversation
©The Institute of Cultural Affairs, 1991, 1994, 1996, 2000
Designing an Effective Agenda
Topics
• What topics do you need to
address?
Outcomes
• For each topic, what outcome do
you want to see?
Processes
• What activity(ies) will best
support the group to achieve
each desired outcome?
Community at Work 2007, Sam Kaner,
Facilitators Guide to Participatory Decision
Making, 2nd Ed.
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Agenda Design Template
Adapted from: 2008 Ingrid Bens
Facilitation at a Glance.
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ORID Focused Discussions
What is ORID?
• Series of questions that guide group conversation.
• Allows a facilitator to provide an environment for
collective thinking to take place within a limited timeframe
When to use ORID…
• Need meaningful dialogue
• To broaden a group’s perspectives
• To elicit clear ideas and conclusions
• To allow the entire group to participate
Adapted from: ToP® Group Facilitation Methods: Focused Conversation
©The Institute of Cultural Affairs, 1991, 1994, 1996, 2000
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Common Uses
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Collect data and ideas
Discuss tough issues
Reflect on important issues or events
Work as a group on presentations or reports
Reflect on accomplishments or failures, giving an opportunity for
learning
Focus multiple interests on a particular topic or issue
Increase understanding of “givens” in a situation
Explore levels of consensus that may already exist within the group
Avoid heated arguments by providing thoughtful dialogue
Move any discussion to a productive end
Adapted from: ToP® Group Facilitation Methods: Focused Conversation
©The Institute of Cultural Affairs, 1991, 1994, 1996, 2000
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ORID Focused Discussions
Objective – WHAT?
• Facts and data
• Senses – see, hear, taste, smell, touch
Reflective – SO WHAT?
• Reactions to the facts and data
• Gut-level feeling
Interpretive – NOW WHAT?
• Critical thinking on the experience or issue
• Value, Significance or Meaning
Decisional – HOW? NEXT STEPS
• Future resolve, collective opinion, proposed next steps, something that can and will
be done
• Shared definitive responses to discussion
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ORID Discussion – See handout
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ORID Facilitation Preparation Format
MPHI Tool
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Facilitation – Consensus Workshop Plan
MPHI Tool
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Facilitation – Consensus Workshop
Plan
MPHI Tool
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Building Client Facilitation Skills/ Capacity
• Ideas?
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Contact Information
Laurie Call
Center for Community Capacity Development
Illinois Public Heath Institute
Laurie.call@iphionline.org
312.850.4744 or 217.679.2827
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