Leadership Training
Unit 6: Navigation Part 2
Now, here’s a picture familiar to
most of you.
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Who’d like to come to a party at my
place tonight?
Melways map 31, reference A11.
Who reckons they know the street
where I live?
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How did you do it?
Right. A square! Not a point!
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This is called a grid reference.
Melways uses a 2-figure grid reference.
I think I can safely say this. There’s no-one
here who has NEVER been told or used a
Melway grid reference. Am I right?
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You can use simple 4-figure grid
references on a topo map as well,
but a 6 figure grid reference is
more accurate. Let’s look at how it
works.
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Here are latitude and
longitude numbers.
These are
geographical
coordinates. We do
not use them.
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Here are the main
numbers along the
bottom and the
vertical grid lines
that they
correspond to.
These are grid
coordinates.
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They increase from left to right at
the rate of one per km.
These are EASTINGS.
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Here are the main
numbers along the
left-hand side and
the horizontal grid
lines that they
correspond to.
These are grid
coordinates.
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They increase from bottom to top
at the rate of one per km.
These are NORTHINGS.
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Together, they form squares.
Intersecting eastings and northings
create the grid squares,
and on this map, one grid square is
1 km by 1 km.
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Just like with the Melways, we can give
a 4-figure grid reference on this map,
using just the 2 numbers from the
bottom and the left side of the square.
The grid coordinates are for the bottom
LH corner of the square.
The square is east and north from that
reference.
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Using the map in front of you, find the
square 2677, and compare it with your
partner.
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Now do the same for square 2276
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Now do the same for square 2475
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Now do Exercise 1 in your workbook.
Find the grid square 2876. What
feature is in the top right-hand corner
of the square?
Mount Warby.
Which waterfall is in the grid square
2978?
Jubilee Falls.
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How easy is it to find something in
a square 1km by 1km, when you’re
walking?
Let’s make this more accurate.
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If we mark 10 divisions
along the top or bottom
of the square, and 10
divisions along the
right or left side of the
square, we can use 6
figures for our grid
reference.
This is part of the romer
you all now have!
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We can use the romer to create grid references for
the point of interest too. Jubilee Falls, at 292784
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One tenth of 1 km is 100m, so if we give
a 6-figure grid reference, then we have
a 100m by 100m square to find the
feature in.
Is it easier to find something in a
square 100m by 100m, than a square
1km by 1 km?
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6-figure grid references are pretty
much like saying “accurate to one
decimal place” with numbers.
The decimal place number is the one
tenth division of the Easting and the
Northing grid.
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There are many ways to remember how
to read or do a 6-figure grid reference.
The technical way is to remember
Eastings then Northings.
I suggest along the passage and up the
stairs.
Other mnemonics?
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Now use your workbook for Exercise 2,
with the Warby Range map, to find
some features using 6-figure grid
references, and make some 6-figure
grid references for selected features on
the map.
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Exercise 2 6-Figure Grid Squares
a. What is located at GR 266788? Black Springs
b. Find the grid reference for:
Mt Bruno 238802
Near the centre of the map, “Crestview”, not the name but the
facility. 262794
To the east, intersection of Booth Road and Taylor Track.
280796
c. Which features are at the following grid references?
GR 256787. Left hand bend in the road going NorEast
GR 252763. Small dam
GR 220795. Ruins North of Jones’s Road
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Recap – grid references
accomplished!
Well done everyone!
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Using maps in detail
To use a map effectively for planning
and leading a walk, there’s another
piece of information that will make
your planning better.
Distance!
How do we know how far something is
on a map?
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Using maps in detail
We look on the side or bottom of the map
for this:
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Using maps in detail
Now you’ve found it on your map, what
does this tell you?
Let’s make a list.
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From our discussion
it shows you with a visual scale;
it tells you with a ratio scale;
the grid on all topo maps is a kilometre
square;
smaller scale maps have smaller level of
detail and cover a bigger area
larger scale maps have larger level of
detail and cover less area
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Is this information enough for leading
a bushwalk?
Possibly, for a very easy walk, but
generally not really.
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Using your workbook, complete Exercise 3 ,
calculating distance along a straight line or
estimating along a track.
Avondale Gate to Jones Road.
13.8 cm ÷ 4 = 3.45 km
Griffith Track to Black Springs and return via
walking track,
2.5 cm ÷ 4 × 2 = 1.25 km
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Scale accomplished!
Well done everyone!
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Using maps
 We’re here today because we may choose
to lead bushwalks for our clubs.
 We may start by leading walks which we
have already walked before, so we could
perhaps not use a map to start with.
 Good leaders will use all the tools
available to them to do the best that they
can.
 Good leaders use maps and compasses.
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