The Unification of Germany
What do we know of Germany?
Go for Five
Where is
Germany?
www.historytl.com
Where are they?
Mark on Italy and Germany’s borders
Where is Germany?
www.historytl.com
www.historytl.com
www.historytl.com
The Unification of Germany
Topic Outline
 What was the make up of
Germany in 1815
 What was the impact of the
1848 Revolutions on
unification?
 The rise of Prussia &
Bismarck 1849-60
 The relations with France
Germany by 1871 – A review
Bismarck’s Germany 187190
 Course review
www.historytl.com
Otto Von Bismarck
Unification of Germany – Assessment Record
Assessment Title
‘The Zollverein contributed little to the cause of
unification before 1848’ How far do you agree
with this judgement?
To what extent did the 1848 Revolutions
achieve nothing in terms of aiding the cause of
unification’?
To what extent did rather than achieve
dominance in by 1866?
Mark & Target to Move
Level
Forward
Mark
Level
Mark
Level
Mark
Level
To what extent did Bismarck’s success from
Mark
1862-1871 depend on the errors and mistakes of Level
others?
To what extent was the foundation of the
Empire due to the work of Bismarck?
Timed Exam Question
www.historytl.com
Mark
Level
Mark
Level
What was the make up of Germany in 1815
Germany Pre 1848
Objectives
 To gain an overview
of the topic
 To have an
understanding of the
geography of Germany
 To understand the
make up of the German
Confederation in 1815
www.historytl.com
Create a timeline of key events 1815-1890
Aim for 15 Key Events
Research the key events using summaries at the end of chapters
in the stiles book
Then draw the timeline
What was the make up of Germany in 1815
Germany Pre 1848
Read through the introduction - The author claims there
are Five important themes in the studying the Unification of
Germany
Can you indentify them?
Now investigate the organisation of the German
confederation and complete a single bubble of possible
reasons why reform might be unlikely in the Confederation
Complete the following reflection
Germany was not one country in 1815 because……….
Complete the prep sheet on the Austrian Empire by next
lesson.
www.historytl.com
What was the make up of Germany in 1815
Germany Pre 1848
Review the prep sheet on the Austrian Empire
As a table investigate who is in a stronger
position to lead the German States, Austria or the
German Confederation
Be prepared to feedback your decision and the
reasons behind it.
www.historytl.com
The Unification of Germany
Germany Pre 1848
Topic Outline
 What was the make up of
‘Germany’ in 1815
Where did early
movements for change come
from?
How were the early
movements dealt with?
 How economically unified
where the Germanic states?
(The Zollverein)
www.historytl.com
Assessment –
‘The Zollverein contributed
little to the cause of
unification before 1848’ How
far do you agree with this
judgement?
Where did early movements for change come
from?
Germany Pre 1848
Objectives
 To understand which
groups wanted reform
 To investigate the
different wishes of the
groups
 To evaluate the extent
of the wish for reform
Brothers Grimm
www.historytl.com
Where did early movements for change come
from?
Germany Pre 1848
Investigate the chapter ‘Political movements working for reform’
Create a table showing who wants reform and what they want
Eg
Type of person/Group
What they want
Reflect back over your table, as a table do you feel that there is a
united wish for change in the German States?
www.historytl.com
Where did early movements for change come from?
Germany Pre 1848
Using The chapter on the growth of nationalist and liberal ideas,
read up to how the government reacted to these ideas complete the
Single Bubble below.
How were
these ideas
spread?
Reflecting back over the lesson – To what extent would you agree these
movements for change were a threat to the stability of the German
Confederation? (50 words)
www.historytl.com
How were the movements for reform dealt
with?
Germany Pre 1848
Objectives
 To investigate the
tactics and methods
used to repress the calls
for reform
To evaluate the
success of these
methods in stalling
reform pre 1848
Metternich
www.historytl.com
How were the movements for reform dealt
with?
Germany Pre 1848
On your table read the rest of the chapter on the growth of nationalist and
Liberal ideas
Create a list of the different tactics used by the government to counter this
growth
Now evaluate this list, do you think the they were successful in suppressing these
ideas?
www.historytl.com
Why was further repression needed in the
1830s?
Germany Pre 1848
Read the chapter Why was further repression needed in the 1830s?
As a table find and decide on the two best pieces of evidence for each side of the
debate in question 2
Feedback your evidence
Collectively write a conclusion to the question (max 50 words)
Complete prep sheet on Economic developments for next lesson
www.historytl.com
How economically unified were the Germanic
states? (The Zollverein)
Germany Pre 1848
Objectives
 To find examples of
economic development
To investigate
examples of economic
unity
To understand the
workings of the
Zollverein and its
importance
www.historytl.com
How economically unified were the Germanic
states? (The Zollverein)
Germany Pre 1848
From the prep sheet, what evidence can we
find of economic unity within the Zollverein?
From the second chapter what evidence can
we find of increased economic unity?
Can we now agree a definition of the
‘Zollverein’?
Now answer Question One using a flow chart
www.historytl.com
How economically unified were the Germanic
states? (The Zollverein)
Germany Pre 1848
So what was the significance of the
Zollverein?
In pairs chose three examples to show its
significance
Prioritise these examples
Feedback your top example
Assessment –
‘The Zollverein contributed little to the
cause of unification before 1848’ How far
do you agree with this judgement?
www.historytl.com
In court if the prosecutor stood up and said
‘Mr Paterson is guilty, because of the weapon,
circumstances and motive’
and sat down
Is this enough to convict?
In pairs decide your answer
www.historytl.com
NO
There must be evidence to
support the claims
Support your point with clear
evidence and specific
examples
www.historytl.com
Reflection
‘The Zollverein contributed little to the cause of unification before
1848’ How far do you agree with this judgement?
Explain how the Zollverein supported the development
of Prussia
 Reason one
 Evidence
 Reason Two
 Evidence
 Reason Three
 Evidence
Now review the overview of 1848 – 70
How did the Zollverein contribute to Unification?
www.historytl.com
The Unification of Germany
What was the impact of the 1848
Revolutions on unification?
Topic Outline
 Overview of timescale & 1848
Revolutions
 What were the causes of the
1848 Revolutions? Europe wide
& specific to German States
 What was the Frankfurt
Parliament & Why did it fail?
 Why did the Revolutions fail
in Prussia?
Why was Austria so threatened
by revolution and how did she
respond?
www.historytl.com
Assessment –
How accurate is it to suggest
that the failures of the
revolutions were due to
military might?
Overview of Timescale & 1848
Revolutions
1848 Revolutions
Read through overview of 1848
Summarise in five sentences
Reduce to five words
Reduce to one word
www.historytl.com
Reflection
‘The Zollverein contributed little to the cause of unification before
1848’ How far do you agree with this judgement?
Review your essay answers
For each paragraph
Write the single point you aimed to make in one sentence
Look at these paragraph starters
 The first piece of evidence to suggest the Zollverein contributed little to cause of unification
before 1848 is the economic fuelled purpose of its creation.
 Further evidence to show the Zollverein contributed little to the cause of unification before
1848 is that fact that Austria did not see the Zollverein as a threat.
 However, others disagree with the opinion that the Zollverein contributed little to the cause
of unification before 1848. This economic unity encouraged nationalists and liberals that full
political and geographical unity could possibly be achieved.
 Further evidence to support that the Zollverein contributed much to the cause of unification
before 1848 is the enhanced communication and co-operation between states before 1848
it created.
 My final evidence to show the Zollverein contributed much to the cause of unification before
1848 is the assumed leadership that came about as a result.
Do they make a clear point?
Overview of Timescale & 1848
Revolutions
1848 Revolutions
Objectives
 To gain an overview
of the 1848 Revolutions
To start to pull out the
themes involved
To investigate the role
of economic factors in
causing the revolutions
www.historytl.com
Overview of Timescale & 1848
Revolutions
1848 Revolutions
What role was played by economic factors in
the 1848 Revolutions?
Investigate the information and list
examples for question 1 and question 2
Feedback
Was the economic situation a trigger or a
long term cause of revolution?
Next lesson we will look for further causes
www.historytl.com
What were the causes of the 1848
Revolutions? Europe wide & specific to German States
1848 Revolutions
Objectives
 To investigate general
causes for an increase in
revolutionary movements
To investigate specific
causes related to the
Germanic lands
To start to investigate the
Government reaction to
these movements
www.historytl.com
The Hambacher Convention in Maz 1832
was the first mass-meeting of the
nationalists, who later promoted the
German Revolution of 1848.
What were the causes of the 1848
Revolutions? Europe wide & specific to German States
1848 Revolutions
Read through the chapter on Revolutionary movements
Complete a single bubble of causes
Causes of
revolution
In pairs decide on the
two most important
causes and prepare
to feedback on your
decisions
Look at the
‘Combination of
crisis’ information
add specific
examples to your
bubble map
www.historytl.com
What were the causes of the 1848
Revolutions? Europe wide & specific to German States
1848 Revolutions
To get started –
As a table list causes for
revolution in the German
States in 1848
www.historytl.com
What were the causes of the 1848 Revolutions? Europe wide & specific to German States
1848 Revolutions
Causes of revolution
www.historytl.com
What were the causes of the 1848 Revolutions? Europe wide & specific to German States
1848 Revolutions
Review your Bubble map
Complete
The revolutions in the Germanic States were caused by…… (15 words)
Read about the ‘early reforms’
Why do you think these were
published?
Complete prep sheet on the
Frankfurt parliament for next
lesson
www.historytl.com
What was the Frankfurt Parliament &
Why did it fail?
1848 Revolutions
Objectives
 To investigate the
aims/strengths/weakne
sses of the Frankfurt
Parliament
To understand the
reasons for its failure
To investigate the
possibility of the
Parliament as a symbol
of unification
The Frankfurt Parliament
www.historytl.com
What was the Frankfurt Parliament &
Why did it fail?
1848 Revolutions
Review the prep sheet on the Frankfurt Parliament
Can we agree as the group the aims of the Parliament?
As a table ,using the Frankfurt Parliament chapters, can
you find
3 strengths and 3weaknesses?
Be prepared to feedback
Now can you list reasons for the failure of the Frankfurt
Parliament?
Prioritize your list and feedback
Complete – The Frankfurt parliament failed because …
(10 words)
www.historytl.com
What was the Frankfurt Parliament &
Why did it fail?
1848 Revolutions
Review
As a table construct a 100 word conclusion to the question
‘The Frankfurt Parliament reflected a
growing wish for unity’
Do you agree?
www.historytl.com
Why did the Revolutions fail in
Prussia?
1848 Revolutions
Objectives
 To find evidence in
support of factors
leading to failure
To be able to prioritize
and evaluate the factors
leading to failure
To look for possible
links between the
factors.
www.historytl.com
Why did the Revolutions fail in
Prussia?
1848 Revolutions
Look at the diagram of factors that led to the failure of the revolutions
Are you clear with what each one means and why it may be considered
a factor?
You have 20 minutes to find a specific piece of evidence to support
each factor
In pairs prioritise the factors from most important to least important
be prepared to feedback your decisions
Now note your top three factors and your bottom on with reasons.
Complete ‘The 1848 revolutions failed because………
www.historytl.com
Why was Austria so threatened by
revolution and how did she respond?
1848 Revolutions
Objectives
 To investigate the
specific causes of
revolution in Austria
Evaluate the level of
threat to the Austrian
Empire
To investigate the
ways Austria reasserted
her authority
www.historytl.com
Why was Austria so threatened by
revolution and how did she respond?
1848 Revolutions
A reminder –list five general causes
of revolution in 1848
Using the 1st chapter answer the following –
In what ways did the economic and political causes manifest
themselves in Austria?
Why did these causes affect the Austrian empire more than
other states?
Why can the growth of Nationalism be seen as a bigger threat
to the Austrian Empire than in other states in Europe?
List the short term gains of the revolutions
Using the 2nd chapter
Investigate the tactics and methods Austria used to reassert
herself over the revolutions
Review the short term gains, which still remain?
www.historytl.com
Compare and contrast the
1848 Revolutions
A little revision
Failure
in Italy
www.historytl.com
Failure in
Germany
The Unification of Germany
Prussian Ascendancy 1848-66
Topic Outline
 Why did the balance of
power between Austria and
Prussia change between
1850-62?
Assessment –
To what extent was Austria
responsible for the shift in
power in the German
Confederation before 1866?
 Why did Bismarck come to
power in 1862?
Who was Bismarck and
what did he believe?
King of Prussia
www.historytl.com
Why did Bismarck come to power in
1862?
Prussian Ascendancy 1848-66
Objectives
 To understand why
there was a Constitutional
crisis in 1860
 To be introduced to Otto
Von Bismarck
Bismarck & the Kaiser
www.historytl.com
Who was Bismarck and what
did he believe?
Prussian Ascendancy 1848-66
Objectives
 To investigate
Bismarck the man
To understand how
Bismarck came to
power
To start to understand
the political beliefs
Bismarck held
www.historytl.com
Otto Von Bismarck
Complete a Single Bubble
map for what kind of man you
think Bismarck was
Bismarck
www.historytl.com
Otto Von Bismarck
More than 6,000 personal letters, which have been made
available to scholars for the first time by the Bismarck
Foundation in Friedrichsruh, were sent to the 19th century
leader while in office and retirement.
Professing love and devotion to the Prussian leader, who
died in 1898, they detail how many Germans saw Bismarck
as a messiah figure long before the cult of Adolf Hitler.
"Bismarck, forever and forever and forever!" wrote one
Prussian woman on a postcard showing a floral tea-cosy.
A married woman from the Saarland wrote to him saying:
"I am unhappy in love but know that we could be wonderful
together. I am a very good cook and stuffed pig's stomach is
my speciality."
One doctor, concerned about Bismarck's circulation,
addressed him as "Your Highness" and advised him to do
"gymnastics in your bedchamber".
www.historytl.com
Who was Bismarck and what
did he believe?
Prussian Ascendancy 1848-66
How did Bismarck come to power?
Why was Prussia facing a constitutional crisis?
Why was Bismarck seen as the solution?
What can we learnt from the situation about
Bismarck's attitude and approach to government?
Answer questions 1 and 2
Complete prep sheet for next lesson
www.historytl.com
Why did the balance of power between
Austria and Prussia change between 1850-62?
Prussian Ascendancy 1848-66
Objectives
 To investigate
different resources
available
 To prioritize
information
To feed back found
information to the
group
Today’s groups
www.historytl.com
Why did the balance of power between
Austria and Prussia change between 1850-62?
Prussian Ascendancy 1848-66
Around the room are six areas that have different resources
that may provide evidence to help you answer the question
Split your group into two, you will visit three areas each
before feeding back what you have found.
You may now revisit one area if you wish before answering
the question
www.historytl.com
Why did the balance of power between
Austria and Prussia change between 1850-62?
Prussian Ascendancy 1848-66
Having gathered all the information
Decide in your groups, what one station you would like to
return to
The date at which the balance changed, note it down and be
prepared to explain your choice
Now note the top three reasons why the balance of power
changed and write them on your flip chart paper.
As individuals complete a conclusion to the question
www.historytl.com
Who was Bismarck and what
did he believe?
Prussian Ascendancy 1848-66
Objectives
To start to understand
the political beliefs
Bismarck held
To investigate what
principles underlined
Bismarck’s foreign
policy
To look forward!
www.historytl.com
Who was Bismarck and what
did he believe?
Prussian Ascendancy 1848-66
What have we learnt from our prep sheet on Bismarck?
Read the information on his beliefs
Complete a bubble map
Based on these beliefs as a table what would you expect him
to do next?
www.historytl.com
Who was Bismarck and what
did he believe?
Prussian Ascendancy 1848-66
What was Bismarck’s foreign Policy
As a table agree – What are the three constant principles
behind all countries foreign policy?
Now look at Bismarck’s can we work out his Foreign policy
principles?
Look forward
As a result of this foreign policy who will Bismarck and
therefore Prussia come into conflict with and why?
www.historytl.com
The Unification of Germany
Relations with France 1862-71
Topic Outline
 Why & with what results
did Prussia go to war with
Austria in 1866?
Why and with what results
did Prussia go to war with
France in 1870?
www.historytl.com
Assessment –
To what extent did Bismarck’s
success from 1862-1871
depend on the errors and
mistakes of others?
www.historytl.com
Why & with what results did Prussia
go to war with Austria in 1866?
Relations with France 1862-71
Objectives
 To investigate the
reasons why Prussia
sort war
 To understand the
impact of the
Schleswig-Holstein
Crisis
To evaluate the role of
Bismarck in
engineering this war
www.historytl.com
Was war with Austria
inevitable?
How would you prepare
for an inevitable war?
www.historytl.com
Why & with what results did Prussia go to war with Austria in 1866?
Schleswig-Holstein Crisis
In pairs investigateWhat was the problem?
What was the solution?
How did Prussia emerge
from this crisis?
www.historytl.com
Why & with what results did Prussia go to war with Austria in 1866?
How did Prussia prepare for war?
Militarily?
Diplomatically?
Investigate the events of the war
Which area of preparations do you think was most vital in the
Prussian victory?
How important was the role of Bismarck?
Where does this leave Prussia?
Where does this leave Austria?
www.historytl.com
Root Causes
Multi-Flow Map!
Causes
Major Event
The War with
Austria 1866
Complete map in threes
www.historytl.com
Effect
Why & with what results did Prussia
go to war with Austria in 1866?
Objectives
 To assess the results
of the war with Austria
To understand the
gains made by Prussia
and Bismarck
To look forward to
future relations with
France
The North German
Confederation 1866
www.historytl.com
Why & with what results did Prussia
go to war with Austria in 1866?
What had Bismarck achieved by 1866?
Read the chapter
Bullet point gains made by Prussia and Bismarck
In a pair prioritize your points and prepare to feedback.
Answer question one with 80-100 words
www.historytl.com
Why & with what results did Prussia
go to war with Austria in 1866?
Why did Bismarck go further than the gains of
1866?
Read the chapter
Why did Bismarck go further?
Find three reasons
How did Bismarck spread his influence over the Southern
States?
Answer question 2
www.historytl.com
Why & with what results did Prussia
go to war with Austria in 1866?
Look forward –
So why fight France?
www.historytl.com
Why and with what results did
Prussia go to war with France in
1870?
Why might Prussia come into
conflict with France?
www.historytl.com
Why and with what results did
Prussia go to war with France in
1870?
Objectives Relations with France 1862-71
To understand the short term
causes of the war
To investigate the extent
to which Bismarck planned this
war
 To use sources to investigate
the Elms telegraph
www.historytl.com
Why and with what results did
Prussia go to war with France in
1870?
The Hohenzollern Candidature
What was the issue?
What was Bismarck’s original position?
Does his position change?
www.historytl.com
Why and with what results did
Prussia go to war with France in
1870? Ems Telegram
His Majesty the King has written to me:
Count Benedetti intercepted me on the promenade and ended
by demanding of me in a very importunate manner that I should
authorize him to telegraph at once that I bound myself in
perpetuity never again to give my consent if the Hohenzollerns
renewed their candidature. I rejected this demand somewhat
sternly as it is neither right nor possible to undertake
engagements of this kind [for ever and ever]. Naturally I told him
that I had not yet received any news and since he had been
better informed via Paris and Madrid than I was, he must surely
see that my government was not concerned in the matter.
[The King, on the advice of one of his ministers] decided in view
of the above-mentioned demands not to receive Count Benedetti
any more, but to have him informed by an adjutant that His
Majesty had now received [from Leopold] confirmation of the
news which Benedetti had already had from Paris and had
nothing further to say to the ambassador.
His Majesty suggests to Your Excellency that Benedetti's new
demand and its rejection might well be communicated both to
our ambassadors and to the Press.
Bismarck’s published version
After the news of the renunciation of the
Prince von Hohenzollern had been
communicated to the Imperial French
government by the Royal Spanish
government, the French Ambassador in
Ems made a further demand on His
Majesty the King that he should authorize
him to telegraph to Paris that His Majesty
the King undertook for all time never
again to give his assent should the
Hohenzollerns once more take up their
candidature. His Majesty the King
thereupon refused to receive the
Ambassador again and had the latter
informed by the Adjutant of the day that
His Majesty had no further communication
to make to the Ambassador
What obvious differences are there?
www.historytl.com
Why and with what results did Prussia go to war with
France in 1870?
The Ems Telegram
His Majesty the King has written to me:
Count Benedetti intercepted me on the promenade and ended by demanding of
me in a very importunate manner that I should authorize him to telegraph at once
that I bound myself in perpetuity never again to give my consent if the
Hohenzollerns renewed their candidature. I rejected this demand somewhat
sternly as it is neither right nor possible to undertake engagements of this kind [for
ever and ever]. Naturally I told him that I had not yet received any news and since
he had been better informed via Paris and Madrid than I was, he must surely see
that my government was not concerned in the matter.
[The King, on the advice of one of his ministers] decided in view of the abovementioned demands not to receive Count Benedetti any more, but to have him
informed by an adjutant that His Majesty had now received [from Leopold]
confirmation of the news which Benedetti had already had from Paris and had
nothing further to say to the ambassador.
His Majesty suggests to Your Excellency that Benedetti's new demand and its
rejection might well be communicated both to our ambassadors and to the Press.
Cut up the slips for question 2 and order them,
good luck!
www.historytl.com
Why and with what results did
Prussia go to war with France in
1870?
Using all the sources investigate the claim
that Bismarck planned the war
Write a conclusion of 75 words
Results of the War
Read the final paragraph- bullet point the
results of the war with France
Prepare essay plan
www.historytl.com
The Unification of Germany
Relations with France 1862-71
Topic Outline
 Why & with what results
did Prussia go to war with
Austria in 1866?
Why and with what results
did Prussia go to war with
France in 1870?
www.historytl.com
Assessment –
To what extent did Bismarck’s
success from 1862-1871
depend on the errors and
mistakes of others?
The Unification of Germany
Relations with France 1862-71
Assessment –
To what extent did Bismarck’s success from 1862-1871 depend on the
errors and mistakes of others?
We are going to plan this essay together.
As a group we will split into 2 groups
Evidence that Bismarck’s success
depended on errors….
Evidence that it did not…….
Each side must produce a Bubble map
on flip chart paper giving five pieces of
evidence
You have ten minutes with your notes
to produce a basic bubble map
You will have a further ten minutes to
use the books and IT to support your
evidence with further examples
You will then present your bubble map to
the class
www.historytl.com
Did
Did not
The Unification of Germany
Germany - By 1871 A Review
Topic Outline
Reflection on the
factors that united
Germany
Was German
unification primarily
the result of
Bismarckian
diplomacy?
Assessment –
To what extent was the
foundation of the Germany
Empire due to the work of
Bismarck?
www.historytl.com
What were the key factors in
The Unification of Germany?
Germany - By 1871 A Review
Objectives
 Review the factors that
contributed to
unification
 To evaluate the
relative importance of
these factors
 To create a timeline of
key events
www.historytl.com
What were the key factors in
The Unification of Germany?
Germany - By 1871 A Review
Prussian
industrial
power
The strength
of the
Prussian
army
Bismarck’s
diplomacy
www.historytl.com
As a table you have
ten minutes to find one
piece of evidence to
support each factor
Russian and
British
neutrality
Factors in the
unification
Errors made by
Austria
Errors made
by Napoleon
III
German
Nationalism
What were the key factors in
The Unification of Germany?
Germany - By 1871 A Review
Prussian
industrial
power
The strength
of the
Prussian
army
Bismarck’s
diplomacy
www.historytl.com
Now decide as a table
which are long and
which are short term
factors and label them
Russian and
British
neutrality
Factors in the
Unification
Errors made by
Austria
Errors made
by Napoleon
III
German
Nationalism
What were the key factors in
The Unification of Germany?
Germany - By 1871 A Review
Prussian
industrial
power
The strength
of the
Prussian
army
Bismarck’s
diplomacy
www.historytl.com
Now decide which are
the TWO most
important factors in
unifying Germany and
write on explainations
Russian and
British
neutrality
Bismarck
Errors made by
Austria
Errors made
by Napoleon
III
German
Nationalism
What were the key factors in The Unification of Germany?
Prussian industrial
power
The strength of the
Prussian army
Bismarck’s
diplomacy
www.historytl.com
Russian and
British neutrality
Factors in the
unification
Errors made by
Austria
Errors made by
Napoleon III
German
Nationalism
Feed into the
Vital Factors
Brace Map
The Unification of
Italy
The Unification
of Germany
Vital Factors
What were the key factors in
The Unification of Germany?
Blood & Iron
or Iron & Blood
Objectives
 Reflect on our recent exam
Outcomes
questions
To complete preparations for
debate
To hold debate
To come to a conclusion as to why
Germany was unified
 Improvement in writing
exam answers
 A clear understanding of
main factors that caused
unification
www.historytl.com
How can we improve
our exam answers?
In pairs complete submission sheet for example essay
Complete level and mark section
Complete targets for improvement
Review feedback on your own exam question
Set your self one specific target for completing your next exam
question
www.historytl.com
Iron & Blood or Blood & Iron?
(Economy & War or War & Economy)
The position of Prussia in Germany will not be determined by its liberalism but by its
power ... Prussia must concentrate its strength and hold it for the favourable moment,
which has already come and gone several times. Since the treaties of Vienna, our
frontiers have been ill-designed for a healthy body politic. Not through speeches and
majority decisions will the great questions of the day be decided - that was the great
mistake of 1848 and 1849 - but by iron and blood.
This Speech by Bismarck in 1862 has entered into popular understanding of history as
ending blood and iron rather than as iron and blood
Which way round should this quote be? Was the
unification of Germany primarily due to economic
factors or war?
We will debate the issue!
www.historytl.com
Iron & Blood or Blood & Iron?
(Economy & War or War & Economy)
Blood
Iron
Iron & Blood or Blood & Iron?
(Economy & War or War & Economy)
You have 15 minutes left to prepare a 5 minute debate!!
You need to:
1. Read over all the material at your disposal
2. Decide who is going to be in charge of the following:
a) Short opening (powerful) speech where you outline your viewpoint and set the
tone for your debate.
b) Coming up with 3 strong arguments (strongest one goes first in debate)
c) Preparing counter arguments (how are you going to make your oppositions
arguments look silly and incorrect?)
d) Punchy, memorable closing speech where you summarise your views and remind
the audience what you stand for.
e) Who is going to speak/who is going to say what in the debate
We will vote to settle the issue!
www.historytl.com
Iron & Blood or Blood & Iron?
(Economy & War or War & Economy)
Plenary
Having heard the debate, reflect back on the points
made and complete the following paragraph
I believe the order of the speech should
be………..because….
www.historytl.com
Was German unification primarily
the result of Bismarckian diplomacy?
Germany - By 1871 A Review
Objectives
To investigate evidence in support
& against the key question
To evaluate the relative arguments
To come to a conclusion on the key
question
Lesson outcomes
To be able to answer an exam
question on the role of Bismarck in
the Unification of Germany
www.historytl.com
Was German unification primarily
the result of Bismarckian diplomacy?
Germany - By 1871 A Review
Feedback on prep sheet
www.historytl.com
Was German unification primarily
the result of Bismarckian diplomacy?
Historian
C. Grant
In pairs investigate the different
historians’ views and complete
the table
Heinrich von Treitschke
A J P Taylor
Otto Pflanze
W E Mosse
J M Keynes
Helmut Bohme
www.historytl.com
View on Unification
Agrees/Disagrees with the view
Was German unification primarily
the result of Bismarckian diplomacy?
In pairs review your table
Where does the balance of evidence lie?
Write a conclusion to the question
From your own knowledge gives two pieces of evidence to support each side of
the argument
Does this change your conclusion?
www.historytl.com
Review your notes – Decide on
What question would you still like to ask
What are the three most important facts to
remember?
What was the most interesting thing you
have discovered?
What three skills will you need to do well in
the exam
www.historytl.com
The Unification of Germany
Bismarck’s Germany Post 1871
Topic Outline
 A united nation? The
Constitution of Germany
Successful consolidation –
The Kulturkampf & the
attack on Socialism
 A successful Foreign
Policy?
The Unification of Germany
– A Review
Exam Question
www.historytl.com
Assessment –
Timed Exam Question
A United Nation – The Constitution of Germany
Bismarck’s Germany Post 1871
Objectives
To investigate the
level of unity within
the new Germany
To understand the
make up of the new
constitution
To gain some
insight into the type
of Germany that has
emerged
www.historytl.com
A United Nation – The Constitution of Germany
Bismarck’s Germany Post 1871
As a group list five things that symbolises
a Nation
If you were running a country how would you go
about uniting the people behind you?
3 ideas
www.historytl.com
A United Nation – The Constitution of Germany
Bismarck’s Germany Post 1871
Using the chapter- Complete
the following table find three
examples for each side
Germany was
unified
Germany was
not unified
Now look at the Constitution
Does this support the idea
that Germany is united or
not?
Discuss and agree as a table
Plenary – Co-construct a conclusion to the lesson in 75 words
Germany was/not a unified country in 1871 because……
www.historytl.com
Successful consolidation?
The Kulturkampf &The attack on
Socialism
Bismarck’s Germany Post 1871
Objectives
To investigate Bismarck’s
attempts to consolidate the
new government.
To understand the
reasons for the
Kulturkampf & the attack
on the Socialists
To evaluate the success of
these policies
www.historytl.com
Successful consolidation?
The Kulturkampf &The attack on
Socialism
Bismarck’s Germany Post 1871
You need to prepare a short presentation on your given area to present to the group
Kulturkampf or The attack on the Socialists
This must include
Context behind policy
Aim and purpose of policy
How it was applied
An evaluation of the success of this policy
You have this lesson to complete the presentation
www.historytl.com
• How far was the Kulturkampf a success for
Bismarck?
• How successful was Bismarck in his
attempts to undermine the socialists in
Germany in the years 1871–90?
A successful Foreign Policy?
Bismarck’s Germany Post 1871
Objectives
To understand the
problems faced by
Bismarck
To understand the
aims of his foreign policy
To come to a
conclusion as to the level
of success in achieving
these aims
www.historytl.com
Review of German Unification
Produce a detailed plan for the exam
question
To what extent was the Unification of
Germany primarily the result of
Bismarckian diplomacy?
Review of the Unification of Italy
List all the states in the
Italian Peninsular in
1815
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Mark them on the Map
Add the dates when they unified
with other states.
Explain how each state joined the
growing nation of Italy
Write a paragraph for each state.
Give specific details of events and
people
Review
The Unification of Germany?
Objectives
 To experience exam
times
To complete answer
in time allowed
To evaluate
experience
You have forty minutes
– chose wisely
www.historytl.com
The Unification of Germany
Review
Topic Outline
 What was the make up of
Germany in 1815
 What was the impact of the
1848 Revolutions on
unification?
 The rise of Prussia &
Bismarck 1849-60
 The relations with France
Germany by 1871 – A review
Bismarck’s Germany 187190
 Course review
www.historytl.com
Otto Von Bismarck
Feed into the
Vital Factors
Brace Map
The Unification of
Germany
The Unification
of Germany
www.historytl.com
Vital Factors
•
Brace Map
The Unification of
Italy
The Unification
of Italy
www.historytl.com
Compare and contrast the Unification of Italy and Germany
Unification
of Italy
www.historytl.com
The
Unification
of Germany
Review of German Unification
E2 – The Unification of Germany, 1848–90
EITHER
3 How far does the failure of the 1848 revolutions explain Austria’s
ability to maintain its
dominant position in Germany in the years to 1862?
(Total for Question 3 = 30 marks)
OR
4 How accurate is it to suggest that Bismarck was wholly responsible for
the process of
German unification in the years 1862–71?
(Total for Question 4 = 30 marks)
Review of Italian Unification
The Road to Unification: Italy, c1815–70
EITHER
1 How accurate is it to suggest that supporters of closer unity in Italy
had made no
progress by 1849?
(Total for Question 1 = 30 marks)
OR
2 How far do you agree that Garibaldi’s intervention in Sicily and Naples
was the
decisive turning point in the unification of Italy in the years 1848–70?
(Total for Question 2 = 30 marks)
Review of Italian Unification
EITHER
1 To what extent had the provisions of the Vienna Settlement (1815) relating to
Italy
been overthrown by 1849?
(Total for Question 1 = 30 marks)
OR
2 How significant was Victor Emmanuel in promoting Italian unification in the
years
1850–70?
E1 – The Road to Unification: Italy, c1815–70
EITHER
1 How far do you agree that the Catholic Church significantly hindered Italian
unity in
the years to 1870?
(Total for Question 1 = 30 marks)
OR
2 How far was foreign influence and intervention responsible for shaping Italian
unification in the years 1858–70?
(Total for Question 2= 30 marks)