Learning objectives
You will learn:
a. how to help someone who is choking
b. how to treat a burn or scald
c. how to help someone who is bleeding heavily from a
wound
d. how to treat a sprain or strain
a. how to help someone who is choking
Suddenly your friend starts choking
… struggling for breath… holding his
on a piece of food…
throat… turning red in the face…
a. how to help someone who is choking
First ask: “Are you choking?”
mild
choking
severe
choking
both
unable to
speak
answers when questioned
difficulty
breathing
unable to
breathe
coughs
holding
throat
red face
unable to
cough
Sort the boxes into the Venn diagram. See the next slide for answers…
a. how to help someone who is choking
First ask: “Are you choking?”
mild
choking
severe
choking
both
coughs
unable to
breathe
red face
answers when questioned
holding
throat
difficulty
breathing
unable to
cough
unable to
speak
a. how to help someone who is choking
If choking is mild, encourage the choking person to cough.
This should clear the problem.
a. how to help someone who is choking
If your friend can’t speak or cough,
the choking is severe.
Airway
Your friend’s airway has been
blocked by food.
Unable to breathe, your friend may
quickly pass out.
Food
You must act right away.
a. how to help someone who is choking
When someone’s choking badly, you must do something.
The video clip shows you what to do…
a. how to help someone who is choking
If someone is choking, hit them firmly on their back between the
shoulder blades to dislodge the object.
How does it work?
This action creates a strong vibration and pressure in the airway, which is often
enough to dislodge the blockage.
Dislodging the object will allow them to breathe again.
This animation shows how this works.
If necessary, call 999 or get someone else to do it.
a. how to help someone who is choking
Jon’s story
My dad started choking at a BBQ. He
was panicking - couldn't breathe or
anything. At first I thought he was
mucking around. I gave him a whack on
the back or 'back blows' as they're
called.
The first one didn't work so I had to do it
again. The second one worked. Dad
coughed up a bit of sausage. It was such
a relief, I was treated like a hero for the
rest of the day - well, I got extra pudding
anyway.
b. how to treat a burn or scald
Jay’s story
“My mum was ironing T-shirts when I
heard her scream. She’d caught her
arm on the hot iron.
The burn was huge and she was in
tears. I knew I should do something…
It left a scar. I wish I’d known what to
do. I should’ve helped her, but I didn’t
know how.”
Watch the video
clip to see what
to do
b. how to treat a burn or scald
Put the instructions in the right order…
Cover the burn with
cling film or a plastic
bag.
Remove tight
clothes or jewellery
from around the
burn...
Pour cold water on
the burn.
Keep pouring cold
water for at least 10
minutes.
Call 999 for an
ambulance if the
burn is very bad, or
if in any doubt.
… but don’t
remove any
clothing that’s stuck
to the burn itself.
Click to see
the answer…
C F E B D A
b. how to treat a burn or scald
Would you put it on a
burn? Click yes or no!
Yes
No
No!
A doctor would have
to scrape butter off
the burn before
treating it. Ouch!
1. Butter
Yes!
Use water to cool
a burn for at least
10 minutes.
3. Cold water
Yes!
If you haven’t got
water to cool a
burn, a cold liquid,
like milk will do
4. Cold milk
No!
Cotton wool will
stick to the burn.
Never cover a burn
with anything fluffy.
2. Cotton wool
Yes!
Cling film won’t
stick, so its great for
covering burns to
keep them clean.
5. Cling film
b. how to treat a burn or scald
“If only I’d known what to do.
I could’ve given my mum the right
treatment!
If only I could go back in time…”
How could things have
been different?
b. how to treat a burn or scald
The main points again:
1. Cool the burn under cold running water for at least 10
minutes
2. After the burn has been cooled, cover it with cling film or a
clean plastic bag.
3. If necessary, call 999 or get someone else to do it.
c. how to treat a big bleed
“I dropped a glass and cut my arm
really badly clearing it up. There
was so much blood!
It was all over the kitchen floor.
I started to panic, but my girlfriend
was there and she knew what to
do…”
If someone is losing a lot
of blood, you need to do
something.
c. how to treat a big bleed
How do you treat a big bleed?
To answer this question…
> Watch the video clip.
c. how to treat a big bleed
How do you treat a big bleed?
1. Put pressure on the wound
2. Call 999
3. Keep pressure on the wound until help arrives
d. how to treat sprains and strains
Karl’s story
“I was about to score the first goal
of the game when I tripped. It should
have been embarrassing… but my
ankle hurt too much for me
to care!”
“I’d sprained my ankle. My ankle was
bruised and it swelled up. I could
hardly move it.
The coach told me that the soft parts
of my ankle around the bones had
been overstretched…”
d. how to treat sprains and strains
Strains and sprains are common injuries where there has been a sudden
movement to part of the body.
How can you tell if someone has a strain or sprain?
How to treat a sprain or strain:
1. Apply an ice pack to the injury
An ice pack is ice or frozen vegetables wrapped
in something such as a tea towel. Applying it to
the injury will reduce the swelling and pain.
2. If there is no improvement seek medical advice.
Plenary
What key things have you learned from this
session?
How confident do you feel that you would be
able to help someone in an emergency?