Muslim Civilizations
Chapter 10
The Rise of Islam
Section 1
The Rise of Islam Vocabulary
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bedouins-A desert dwelling Arab nomad.
Muhammad-Prophet of Islam, born in
Mecca in 570 A.D.
Mecca-City in western Saudi Arabia;
birthplace of the prophet Muhammad and
the most holy city in Islam.
Yathrib-The final destination of
Muhammad’s hijra and the 1st home of
Muslims. Later named Medina.
The Rise of Islam Vocabulary
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Hijra-Muhammad’s journey from Mecca
to Medina in 622 A.D.
Medina-City where Muhammad preached.
Kaaba- The most sacred temple in all of
Islam in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
Mosque-Muslim house of worship.
Quran-The holy book of Islam.
The Rise of Islam Vocabulary
10.
11.
12.
Hajj-Pilgrimage to Mecca that all Muslims
are expected to make in their lifetime.
Jihad-In Islam, an effort in God’s service.
Sharia-Body of Islamic law that includes
interpretation of the Quran and applies
Islamic principles to everyday life.
The Rise of Islam
The Story of Muhammad-
I.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Born in Mecca in 570 A.D.
Started working as a shepherd, but became a
successful merchant in Mecca.
Often meditated in the hills of Mecca.
When he was 40, the angel Gabriel came to
him while meditating and called for him to
be the messenger of God.
He didn’t understand how he could be the
messenger of God when he was illiterate.
The Rise of Islam
F.
G.
H.
He devoted his life to spreading Islam and
getting Arabs to stop worshipping pagan
gods.
Merchants feared Islam would drive pilgrims
away from Mecca (pagan worshipers visited
the Kaaba).
Took his hijra from Mecca to Yathrib, later
name Medina in 622.
The Rise of Islam
I.
J.
Thousands of Arabs began adopting Islam.
Muhammad returned to Mecca in 630 and
destroyed pagan idols in the Kaaba and
claimed it for Islam and Allah.
Teachings of Islam
II.
A.
B.
Quran- The sacred text of Islam and contains
the sacred words of God revealed to
Muhammad.
It is an ethical guide to life in all aspects.
The Rise of Islam
C.
D.
The Quran is a DIRECT and
UNCHANGABLE word of god.
Contains the 5 Pillars of Islam.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
E.
Shahadah - Declaration of Faith
Salat - 5 daily prayers
Zakat - Charity
Sawm - Fasting during Ramadan
Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Kaaba.
Islam worships the same God as Jews and
Christians
The Rise of Islam
Sharia – Islamic code of conduct
III.
A.
Regulates all aspects of life and applies
religious principals to all situations.
Women in Islam
IV.
A.
B.
C.
Expanded the rights of woman by promoting
spiritual equality.
Quran gave rights to women they did not
have in Arab society.
Women’s roles and styles differed depending
on cultures conquered by Islam.
Questions Du Jour
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What was Muhammad’s occupation?
Describe the situation of Muhammad
becoming the prophet of Islam.
Why was Muhammad driven out of Mecca?
What city is cited as the 1st home of Islam?
What is the name of the Islamic code of
conduct? Describe it.
Explain how Islam has affected the rights of
women in the Middle East.
Answers Du Jour
1.
2.
3.
Muhammad was a merchant.
Muhammad was meditating on a hill in
Mecca when he claimed the angel Gabriel
came to him and told him he was to be the
messenger of God.
Meccan merchants were afraid Islam would
drive away pagan pilgrims coming to the
Kaaba.
Answers Du Jour
4.
Medina
5.
Sharia. It is a the body of Islamic law that
6.
includes interpretation of the Quran and
applies Islamic principles to everyday life.
It promoted spiritual equality and gave
them rights they had not previously had in
Arab society.
Section 2 Vocabulary
1.
2.
3.
4.
Abu Bakr- Muhammad’s father in law and 1st
caliph of Islam.
Caliph-Successor to Muhammad as political
and religious leader of the Muslims.
Sunni-Believe inspiration came from the
example of Muhammad as recorded by his
early followers.
Shiite-Believe the descendents of
Muhammad’s daughter and son-in-law, Ali,
are the true Muslim leaders.
Section 2 Vocab
5.
6.
7.
Sufis- Muslim mystics who seek communion
with God through meditation, fasting, and
other rituals.
Umayyad-member of the Sunni dynasty of
caliphs that ruled a Muslim empire from 661750.
Abbasids-Dynasty that ruled in Baghdad
from 750-1258.
Section 2 Vocab
8.
9.
10.
Baghdad-Capital city of present day Iraq;
Capital of the Muslim empire during Islam’s
golden age.
Minaret-Slender tower of a mosque, from
which Muslims are called to pray.
Sultan-Muslim ruler.
Chapter 10 Section 2
Building a Muslim Empire
I. Early Challenges to Islam
A.
B.
Death of Muhammad left no successor.
Abu Bakr- Muhammad’s father-in-law. He
became the 1st caliph.
1.
2.
C.
Muslims refuse to follow him and withdraw their
loyalty to Islam.
He regained their loyalty and united them under
one ruler.
Muslim Empire overtook both the Byzantine
and Persian Empires
II. Divisions Emerge Within Islam
A.
Shiites Felt Muhammad designated his
son-in-law, Ali, to lead Islam
1.
2.
B.
They felt the successors to Muhammad were Ali
and Fatima (Muhammad’s daughter).
Shiites could divinely interpret the Quran.
Eventually another group felt anyone could
lead because there could be no other
prophet.(Sunnis)
II. Divisions Emerge Within Islam
1.
2.
C.
Sunnis believed the successor should be a pious
man from Muhammad’s tribe.
They believe inspiration comes from the example
of Muhammad recorded by his early followers.
Both Sunnis and Shiites are still divided
today.
1.
90% of Muslims are Sunni.
II. Divisions Emerge Within Islam
D.
Sufis Muslim mystics who fast, meditate
and do other traditions to find oneness with
God.
1.
They spread Islam by traveling, preaching, and
being a good example.
III. Umayyad Caliphs Build an
Empire.
A.
Umayyad Caliphate Sunni group who set
up an empire after Ali’s death.
1.
B.
Spread Islam from Spain to India.
Umayyads were VERY successful.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Weakness of the Byzantines and Persians.
“Arab Liberators”.
Bold efficient fighting methods.
Desire to glorify Islam.
III. Umayyad Caliphates Build an
Empire
C.
Muslims allowed Christians, Jews, &
Zoroastrians to practice their religions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Forced them to pay taxes.
Christians & Jews played key roles in Arab
societies (doctors, government officials).
Muslims prohibited looting and destruction of
cities.
Arab remained separate from regular population.
III. Umayyad Caliph Builds an
Empire
D.
Many people eventually start converting to
Islam.
1.
2.
3.
E.
For political or economic reasons.
Islam had a very simple message.
There is no hierarchy.
Umayyads begin to decline (fall in 750)
1.
2.
Arabs had to adapt from living in the deserts to
ruling huge territories.
Ruled like tribal leaders instead of kings.
III. Umayyad Caliph Builds an
Empire
3.
4.
They often relied on non-Arab officials to help
rule their land.
Economic tensions rose between the wealthy and
the poor when wealthy conquests began to slow
down. (Caliphs continued to lived luxuriously)
Umayyad Review





When did the Umayyad Caliphate begin?
Why were the Persians and Byzantines
weakened?
What are 3 reasons why Umayyads were so
successful?
Why did so many people convert to Islam?
How did geography and economics play into
the decline of the Umayyad Empire?
Umayyad Review

When did the Umayyad Caliphate begin?


Why were the Persians and Byzantines
weakened?


After Ali’s death (661)
They had fought each other to the point of
exhaustion
What are 3 reasons why Umayyads were so
successful?

Weakness of Byz. and Per., “Arab Liberators”,
bold fighting styles, glory of Islam
Umayyad Review

Why did so many people convert to Islam?


For power or wealth, its simple message, equality
(no hierarchy)
How did geography and economics play into
the decline of the Umayyad Empire?


Arabs had to adapt from living in the desert to
ruling large territories and they ruled those lands
like tribes, not kingdoms (Geography).
Their was an economic between classes when
conquests began to slow down (Economics)
Rise of the Abbasids/Muslim Empire
Declines
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Which groups helped Abu al-Abbas gain power?
What was the Abbasid capital? Why did they move it
there?
Who was Harun al-Rashid?
Where did the surviving member of the Umayyad family
flee to?
How did Islam become a more universal faith?
What 2 places in Europe were ruled by Muslims?
How were non-Muslims treated?
What did the Seljuk Turks and Mongols have in common?
What happened to the Muslim Empire?
Rise of the Abbasids/Muslim Empire
Declines
Which groups helped Abu al-Abbas gain power?
1.

Shiites and non-Arab Muslims
What was the Abbasid capital? Why did they
move it there?
2.

Baghdad. Centrally located on a river, center of
learning and culture.
Who was Harun al-Rashid?
3.

Abbasid ruler who promoted culture and learning.
Rise of the Abbasids/Muslim Empire
Declines
Where did the surviving member of the Umayyad
family flee to?
4.

5.
6.
They fled to Spain and set up an independent Muslim
state.
How did Islam become a more universal faith?

It was more tolerant than other religions, it ended
discrimination against non-Arabs, encouraged
learning.
What 2 places in Europe were ruled by Muslims?

Spain and Sicily
Rise of the Abbasids/Muslim Empire
Declines
How were non-Muslims treated?
7.

They were tolerated.
What did the Seljuk Turks and Mongols have in
common?
8.

Came from C. Asia, conquered Baghdad, adopted
Islam.
What happened to the Muslim Empire?
9.

It fragmented and broke apart into several smaller
states.