
In what way did both Islam and
Buddhism spread throughout the world?
○ Both Buddhism and Islam were caused to
spread thru trade

What Song China inventions can be
used to help ships navigate?
○ The magnetic compass

What are the Five Pillars of Islam in Arabic and what
do they mean?
○ Faith-To become a Muslim a person must declare “There
○
○
○
○
is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of
Allah.”
Salah/prayer- Five times a day, Muslims face Mecca and
pray
Alms- The giving of money to the poor through a special
religious tax
Fasting/Sawm- During the Islamic holy month of
Ramadam, Muslims must fast between dawn and sunset
Hajj/ Pilgrimage- ALL Muslims who are physically and
financially able must make a trip to Mecca at least
once

What are the differences between Sunni
and Shi’a Islam?
Sunni
Shi’a
Believe that the first four caliphs
were “rightly guarded”
Believe that Ali, the Prophet’s sonin-law, should have succeeded
Muhammad
Believe that Muslim rulers should
follow the Sunna or Muhammad’s
example
Believe that all Muslim rulers
should be descended from
Muhammad; do not recognize the
authority of the Sunna
Claim that the Shi’a have distorted
the meaning of various passes in
the Qur’an
Claim that the Sunni have distorted
the meaning of various passages in
the Qur’an

What helped stop the spread of Islam in
Southern Africa?
○ The Sahara Desert

What characteristics of the Mongol
Empire encouraged trade?
○ Pax Mongolia- promised peaceful travel to
merchants traveling on the silk road
○ Under Kublai Khan visits from foreign
merchants were encouraged

How did the Bubonic Plague spread from
east to west? Why did the Plague cause
peasants revolts and anti-Semitism? How
else did this effect society and culture?
○ The Bubonic Plague spread from east to west
because of trade. The Plague caused peasants to
revolt because they demanded higher wages and
the nobles fiercely resisted. It affected society and
culture because people lost their faith in the
Church (not God) and the society of the middle
ages was collapsing.

How did the West African Kings fund
their government? What cultural
influences did they share with South
African kings?
○ The kings of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai (West
African kings) acquired their wealth through
taxing trade and trade routes. They were both
influenced by Islam.

What trade items did Europe want from
China?
○ Silk, porcelain

Political, Economic and cultural diffusion
○ This is the transfer of politics (government
system), economics (trade, system of money,
type of economy) and/or culture (religion,
language) to another group of people, country
or region.
○ Example: Russia adopted the language and
religion of the Byzantine Empire. This would
be an example of what type of diffusion?

Where and when was the social and
political system of feudalism used?
 Feudalism developed in the Middle Ages as
a result of conflicts among kingdoms in
Western Europe.
○ China (11th century B.C. to 256 B.C.) under
Zhou Dynasty and Japan from 1192 A.D. until
the 19th century .

What was the primary goal of the
crusades?
○ The primary goal of the Crusades was to
capture the city of Jerusalem

What were the reasons why Europeans
did not feel guilty about taking territory
from Native Americans by force?
○ Thought their culture was superior
○ Thought their religion was superior
○ Felt like they were helping Native Americans

What were the negative and positive aspects
of the Columbian Exchange? What land and
water did it cover?
Positives
Negatives
Introduction of new foods
Introduction of disease
Introduction of different
Animals
Taking of the Native
American’s land
Trade
slavery
The Colombian exchange crossed the Atlantic Ocean
and involved the Americas, Europe, Africa and Asia

To which continents did the Ottoman
Empire spread Islam?
○ Europe, Asia, Africa

What was the ethical system of ancient
China?
○ It was a system founded on the belief system
of Confucianism. It stabilized Chinese society,
supported a civil service and led to
isolationism.

What were the things that delayed
political unification in Japan?
○ Mountainous areas and geography
○ Feudalism

What was the religion of the Mughals? What were
examples of cultural blending in their empire? What was
the consequence at first of trade and other forms of
contact with non-Indians?
○ Muglas were Muslim
○ Examples of cultural blending: He allowed the people of India to
continue speaking Hindi even though Persian was the language
of Akbar’s people.
○ Out of Mughal armies, where soldiers came from many different
backgrounds a new langauge emerged called Urdu. This is a mix
between, Arabic, Persian and Hindi. Indians were able to keep
their faith
○ Taj Mahal is an example of cultural blending. Has Hindu themes
throughout the structure
○ At first there was a clash between the Hindu’s and the Muslims

How did Peter the Great westernize
Russia?
○ Started Russia’s first newspaper
○ Introduced potatoes, which became a staple
of the Russian diet
○ Raised women’s status by having them attend
social gatherings
○ Ordered the nobles to give up their traditional
clothes for Western fashion