The Writing Center Presents…
APA Format
Meghan Hollowell, Ed.D.
Why Do We Need APA?

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Avoid plagiarism--cite words and
ideas of others.
Format of nursing discipline.
Why No APA in
the Writing Center?


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A local issue (punctuation) is a
function of editing.
Writing Center focuses on global
issues (focus, organization, etc.).
Local issues only make a paper more
polished; not the primary concern,
as evidenced by rubric.
In-Text Citations

Need (author, date) when citing ideas
in own words. Paraphrasing is
preferred!
Data indicates that an overwhelming
percentage of breastfed babies grew into
healthier adults when compared to nonbreastfed babies (Smith, 2010).
Smith’s (2010) data indicates that an
overwhelming percentage of breastfed
babies grew….
In-Text Citations

Need pg. # when using direct quote
(p. 170 of APA Manual):
Smith (2010) says, “about 90% of
breastfed babies became healthier
adults than non-breastfed babies”
(p.#).

Indirect/Secondary Sources (p. 178
of APA Manual):
Jones notes that most breastfed babies
became healthier adults than nonbreastfed babies (as cited in Smith,
2010).
In-Text Citations

Lengthy direct quotes (over 40
words) must be blocked (p. 171 of
APA Manual).
Smith (2010) made an important
point about the health of breastfed
babies:
About 90% of breastfed babies
became healthier adults than non
breast-fed babies. This data
indicates…………………………… (p. 7)
References Page Examples
Book (Print):
(p. 203 of APA Manual)
O’Hair, D., Rubenstein, H., &
Stewart, R. (2007). A pocket
guide to public speaking (2nd
ed.). Boston: Bedford/St.
Martin’s.
References Page Examples
Journal Article from Database with DOI:
(p. 198 of APA Manual)
Singer, J. & Maher, M. A. (2007).
Preservice teachers and technology
integration: Rethinking traditional
roles. Journal of Science Teacher
Education, 18, 955-984. doi:
10.1007/s10972-007-9072-5
References Page Examples
Journal Article from Database, no DOI:
(p. 199 of APA Manual)
Boquet, E. H. (1999). “Our little
secret”: A history of writing centers,
pre- to post-open admissions.
College Composition and
Communication, 50(3), 463-482.
Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org/stable/358861
References Page Examples
Website:
(p. 212 of APA Manual)
American Heart Association.
(2011). Fight stress with healthy
habits. Retrieved from
http://www.heart.org/HEARTOR
G/GettingHealthy/StressManage
ment/Fight...
References Page Examples
Missing Information


No date: (n.d.)
No author: Jump right into title, then
date. (p. 176 of APA Manual)
In text: Gangs can become increasingly
violent if not stopped (“Comprehensive,”
2006).
In References page:
Comprehensive anti-gang initiative
conference. (2006). Online Journal of
Gang Violence….