IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
BOLOGNA PROCESS IN
FRANCE
Prof B. CHARPENTIER
Honorary Dean
FACULTY of MEDICINE-UNIVERSITY PARIS SOUTH 11
Past President of the French Medical Deans’council
Member of the French Academy of Medicine
THE ANSWER IS NO !
WHY ?
A levels # Baccalauréat
Bologna Process
-L1
-L2
-L3
-M1
-M2
-D1
-D2
-D3
DOCTORATE 3+2+3=8 Y
French Medical Training
-PACES
-P2
-D1
-D2
-D3
-D4
-RESIDENCY: 3-5 Y
-M D: 2+4+3/5= 9-11 Y
- Chef de Clinique: 2-4 Y
TWO PARTICULAR FEATURES OF
THE FRENCH EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM : (1)
Grandes Ecoles vs University: How to select the Elites ?
CPGE1+1
High Schools
X-ENS-Centrale
A Levels
(Baccalauréat)
-650000 candidates
-50% filière G ( S-ES-L/A)
-25% filière T-V
-25% filière P-V
-Success rate: 86%
4Y
University (85) L1
M1
D1
Doctorate
less 40%
3Y
L3 ( -60%)
M2 ( -30%)
D3
TWO PARTICULAR FEATURES OF
THE FRENCH EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM : (2) PACES
PACES
54000
Students
Pharmacy 3595
12000
(S1/S2– 2 inscriptions )
chemistry
biology
physics
anatomy
social sciences
Medicine 7500
Dentistry 1200
Midwife 1017
ECTS
42 000
Speech therapy
Physiotherapy
L1 ?
FRENCH FACULTY OF MEDICINE
- Derogatory clause within University
- Competitive selection for entrance
-Professionnal School « we teach the job we are doing, we do the job
we are teaching… », What’s about the applicated job of Professors of
canon law, of sanskrit, of esperanto ?
-French Faculties of Medicine are linked to several teaching hospitals
where all faculty members must teach, doing research and
clinical/biological patient care.
FRENCH TRAINING TRENDS
- USUAL TRAINING: 3 steps
1) TRAINING 2) GUIDANCE 3)SELECTION
- FRENCH TRAINING: 2 steps
-1) TRAINING 2) SELECTION ( BUSINENESSADMINISTRATION-MEDICINE )
- NO BY-PASS/BRIDGE
- CONCLUSION: eveything is done at 20 y.o. !!!
-
A STRONG EXAMPLE
FOREIGN STUDENTS/MD
-PACES: 8%----less 1% vs 17%
-D1---upon personal file examination
-D4
BY-PASS
- 500 seats
- GRANDES ECOLES AFTER CURSUS COMPLETION ( 6 y)
- Ph D ( 8 y )
BASIC SCIENCES
- PACES
- -P2
- -D1
anatomy
physiology….
semiology…
CLINICAL TRAINING
-D1: introduction with nursing care + semiology teaching
at the bed side
-D2-D4: ½ time to the bed side + on call+teaching
pathology/therapeutics
-RESIDENCY ( 3 y GP/ 4-5 Others): full time bed side+
on call+ teaching specialty
-Early contact at the bed side-strong clinical training
ECN ( National Ranking Examination )
2 D.
7000 D4
exam
9 clinical cases +
questions
1
specialty+location
+ 2 paper analysis
7000
-39 Faculties of Medicine/7 regions
-All Faculties are ranked along with the students ranking
-Location 1st choice: big campus ( Paris, Lyon, Marseille…)
- GP 50%, second half
RESIDENCY
-GP: 3y training course mostly in GP office
-SPECIALTIES: 4-5 y in University Hospitals
-Courses must follow the national teaching program
-Examination: attendance+ thesis
-----------------------MD + specialist in… (+9/+11 y)
CHEF de CLINIQUE-ASSISTANT
-Temporary seniorship: 2+1+1=4
- Job: teaching+researching+care
- Located in University Hospitals
- DESC validation ( subspecialty )
- Goals: Academic/public activity ( HP to PU-PH )
Private activity
SPECIAL TRAINING FOR MD+PhD
-M2 during residency ( 1y in a research lab)
-Ph D during CCA ( 3y+X in a research lab)
-Post-Doc abroad ( 2-3 y, publish or perish )
-EXAMINATION: Habilitation à diriger des recherches
-National Competitive Examination to a full tenure track position ( PUPH/MCU-PH):CV+Publications+teaching activity+oral test in front of 2
successive board of examiners (national+local): 38-40 yo !
FRENCH TRAINING COURSES
FOR FOREIGN MEDICAL
OFFICER
1 – Attestation de formation spécialisée ( AFS )
- Medical officer non UE: agreements of both Universities+french
specialty coordinator+open post
- Gaining partial certificates of the specialty
- Duration: 1 or 2 y and back in the country
2 – AFS+A=AFSA
-Specialist qualification in their country:agreements of both
Universities+french specialty coordinator+open post
-Gaining highly selective knowledge ( robotics, endovascular manip.
-6 or 12 months
BOLOGNA PROCESS AND FRENCH
MEDICAL TRAINING
MOBILITY IN EUROPE
-1) Europe to France-2nd cycle D1-D4
Belgium-Germany-Netherlands-Spain-Switzerland-Italy
-2) Europe to France- Residency ( part or full/special examination)
Belgium-Germany-Netherlands-Spain-Switzerland-Italy
-3) France to Europe-2nd cycle
-Few ones ( languages limitation), except Belgium-Switzerland
-4) France to Europe-1st cycle: PACES in Romania
BOLOGNA PROCESS AND FRENCH
MEDICAL TRAINING
ADVANTAGES
-Master grade level at the end of D4 ( 5vs6 y) ?for « escaping »
medicine with a diploma
-ECTS for European mobility ( Socrates, Erasmus…)
-validation of different courses in Europe for medical training
-European Doctoral Schools ( Masters and Doctorates/thesis in cosupervision)
BOLOGNA PROCESS AND FRENCH
MEDICAL TRAINING
DRAWBACKS
-TIME OF THE CURSUS VERY DIFFERENT ( 8 vs 9-14 y), French
cursus too long ?
-FEW GATEWAYS ( Phd----D1)
-Intensive clinical training vs less basic training
-Tight control of the government ( teaching hours, program, numerus
clausus, specialties volume, training of foreign students,…)
-weak french mobility in Europe ( the goal is to pass an exam in order
to have a job…)
BOLOGNA PROCESS: Last Minute !
« the european higher education space is
not a model to be exported, Africa, Asia,
Norh/South America have their own
specificities and needs »
EUA Lesley Wilson, General Secretary16/04/2012, address to the European
Higher Education Ministies for the
Bucarest meeting (26-27/04/2012)
EUROPEAN DREAMS IN AN O.R.
!
The Reasons for my existence have
not yet been established…but