Ch.13 Review
Causes of Industrialization
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Civil War -encouraged production,
expansion of railroads, etc.
Natural Resources- lots of them!
Growing Workforce -immigrants.
Technology/Innovation-new inventions
Government Policies- encouraged
investment in businesses and technology.
Important People of the Late
1800s
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Thomas Edison- Invented new
technology (electric lighting)
Henry Bessemer- Developed
Bessemer process (created strong,
lightweight steel for use in railroads
and construction.
Important People cont.
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Andrew Carnegie- Use of vertical
integration influenced the rise of big
business; urged business men to also
be philanthropists. STEEL
John D. Rockefeller- Use of
horizontal integration (influenced the
rise of big business) OIL
Important People cont.
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Samuel Gompers- Formed the AFL,
influencing the rise of labor unions.
Uriah Smith Stephens- founder of the
Knights of Labor.
Terence V. Powderly- took over leadership
of the Knights of Labor- huge recruitment
numbers
Important People cont.
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Eugene V. Debs- Challenged big
business by orchestrating the Pullman
Strike and helping to found the IWW
Terms to Know
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Monopolies
Tariffs
Patents
Laissez-Faire
Cartel
Trusts
Terms to Know (cont.)
Horizontal integration
Vertical integration
Capitalism
“Captains of Industry”
“Robber Barons”
Corporation
Terms to Know (cont.)
Bessemer Process
Sweatshop
Socialism
Mass production
Entrepreneur
Company Town
Collective Bargaining
Influential Labor Unions
National Trades Union (1834)- First
national union; open to workers of all
trades.
Knights of Labor (1869)- Sought
general ideological reform; open to
workers from all trades. Did not
protest.
Influential Labor Unions cont.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
(1886)- Focused on specific workers’
issues; organization of skilled workers.
Did stage protests.
American Railway Union (1893)- First
industrial union; open to all railway
workers.
Important Government Polices
of the late 1800s
Protective tariffs- Congress enacted
tariffs on imported goods to make them
cost more than locally produced goods.
Laissez-Faire Policies- The government
allowed businesses to operate under
minimal government regulation.
Government Policies cont.
Subsidizing Railroads- The government
gave railroad builders millions of acres of
land.
Strike Breaking- Government troops
routinely helped break up strikes. The
Pinkertons.
Antiunion Actions- Courts used legislation
like the Sherman Antitrust Act to order
unions to stop disrupting free trade.
Strikes
Haymarket Riot- riot amongst workers
fighting for an 8 hr. work day. Knights of
Labor fizzled out as a result.
Homestead Strike- steel workers at
Carnegie’s plant. Fighting against cut in
wages. Pinkerton’s, army, militia’s called
in to suppress the strike.
Strikes cont.
Pullman Strike -railroad workers
strike against wage decreases. Did
tremendous damage to the railroad
industry/economy. Fed. Gov’t begins
to side with businesses (anti-unions)
after this.
Focus Questions
What factors spurred industrial
growth in the late 1800s?
How did new technologies shape
industrialization?
Focus Questions
What impact did industrialization
have on Americans?
Section #1 Focus Question
How did industrialization and new
technology affect the economy and
society?
Focus Questions
What strategies did corporations use
to decrease costs and increase
profits?
Focus Questions
What arguments did people use to
support OR oppose big business?
How did the federal government
regulate business?
Section 2 Focus Question
How did big business shape the
American economy in the late 1800s
and early 1900s?
Focus Questions
How did working conditions affect
families?
How did various labor unions differ in
their goals?
Focus Questions
Why did workers increasingly turn to
the strike as a tactic to win labor
gains?
Section 3 Focus Question
How did the rise of labor unions
shape relations among workers, big
business, and government?
The BIG Question
How did the industrial growth of the
late 1800s shape American society
and the economy?