REPORTED SPEECH
(TOP MARKS 1º BACHILLERATO p. 106-129-130)
Burlington Books
UNIT 9: THE WORLD OF CRIME.
GRAMMAR: INDIRECT SPEECH. (TOP MARKS p. 106-129-130)
INDIRECT SPECCH: DEFINITION.
The indirect speech is used to tell what somebody has said but
without quoting the exact words.
TYPES OF SENTENCES.
The following types of sentences can be transformed from direct into
indirect speech or viceversa:
a.- statements: affirmative.
Negative.
b.- Questions: yes/no questions
wh-questions
c.- Orders: positive.
Negative.
d.- Suggestions.
INDIRECT SPEECH.
A.- STATEMENTS: AFFIRMATIVE / NEGATIVE.
STATEMENTS: “I´M TIRED”
- DIRECT SPEECH.
HE SAID THAT HE WAS TIRED- INDIRECT SPEECH
“I´M NOT TIRED” - DIRECT SPEECH
HE SAID THAT HE WASN´T TIRED.
MARY SAID “ I WENT TO LONDON YESTERDAY”
MARY SAID THAT SHE HAD GONE TO LONDON THE DAY BEFORE.
CHANGES: PRONOUNS, TENSES, EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR OTHER
WORDS
INDIRECT SPEECH.
A.- STATEMENTS: AFFIRMATIVE / NEGATIVE.
CHANGES: TENSES.
TENSE
DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH
PRESENT SIMPLE
“HE WORKS AS A POLICEMAN”
SHE SAID THAT HE WORKED AS A
POLICEMAN.
SIMPLE PAST
“HE WORKED AS A POLICEMAN”
SHE SAID THAT HE HAD WORKED AS
A POLICEMAN.
SIMPLE FUTURE
“HE WILL WORK AS A
POLICEMAN”
SHE SAID THAT HE WOULD WORK AS
A POLICEMAN.
PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
“HE IS WORKING AS A
POLICEMAN”
SHE SAID THAT HE WAS WORKING
AS A POLICEMAN.
PAST CONTINUOUS
“HE WAS WORKING AS A
POLICEMAN”
SHE SAID THAT HE HAD BEEN
WORKING AS A POLICEMAN”
PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE
“HE HAS WORKED AS A
POLICEMAN”
SHE SAID THAT HE HAD WORKED AS
A POLICEMAN.
PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
“HE HAS BEEN WORKING AS A
POLICEMAN”
SHE SAID THAT HE HAD BEEN
WORKING AS A POLICEMAN”
PAST PERFECT
SIMPLE
“HE HAD WORKED AS A
POLICEMAN”
SHE SAID THAT HE HAD WORKED AS
A POLICEMAN
PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
“HE HAD BEEN WORKING AS A
POLICEMAN”
SHE SAID THAT HE HAD BEEN
WORKING AS A POLICEMAN
INDIRECT SPEECH.
A.- STATEMENTS: AFFIRMATIVE / NEGATIVE.
CHANGES: MODALS.
DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH
CAN
COULD
MAY
MIGHT
MUST / HAVE TO
MUST / HAD TO
WILL
WOULD
INDIRECT SPEECH.
A.- STATEMENTS: AFFIRMATIVE / NEGATIVE.
CHANGES: EXPRESSIONS AND OTHER WORDS.
DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH
NOW
THEN
TODAY
THAT DAY
TONIGHT
THAT NIGHT
YESTERDAY
THE PREVIOUS DAY / THE DAY BEFORE
LAST WEEK
THE PREVIOUS WEEK / THE WEEK BEFORE
A MONTH AGO
THE PREVIOUS MONTH / THE MONTH
BEFORE
TOMORROW
THE FOLLOWING DAY / THE DAY AFTER /
THE NEXT DAY
NEXT WEEK
THE FOLLOWING WEEK / THE WEEK AFTER
HERE
THERE
THIS
THAT
THESE
THOSE
INDIRECT SPEECH.
A.- STATEMENTS: AFFIRMATIVE / NEGATIVE.
REPORTING VERBS.
STATEMENTS: SAY, TELL
(say to somebody / tell somebody)
CLAIM, ANSWER, ADMIT, ANNOUNCED, BOAST, APOLOGISE,
DECLARE, EXPLAIN, INFORM, OFFER, MENTION, REMIND,
REPLY, STATE, INSIST, COMPLAIN
EXAMPLE:
“I AM TIRED”
HE SAID THAT HE WAS TIRED.
“I WILL BE HOME LATE”, SHE SAID
SHE REMINDED ME THAT SHE WOULD BE HOME LATE.
INDIRECT SPEECH.
B.- QUESTIONS : YES / NO QUESTIONS.
WH-QUESTIONS.
CHANGES IN PRONOUNS, TENSES AND TIME EXPRESSIONS.
YES / NO QUESTIONS.
EXAMPLE:
“DID THE CONTESTANT WON A LOT OF MONEY? MATT ASKED
MATT ASKED IF / WHETER THE CONTESTANT HAD WON A LOT OF
MONEY.
WH-QUESTIONS.
EXAMPLE:
“WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE NEW SHOW?”
SUE ASKED WHAT THE NAME OF THE NEW SHOW WAS.
(AFFIRMATIVE STRUCTURE)
INDIRECT SPEECH.
B.- QUESTIONS: YES / NO QUESTIONS
WH- QUESTONS
REPORTING VERBS: ASK
ENQUIRE, REQUEST, WONDER, WANT TO KNOW
EXAMPLE:
“DID YOU ARRIVE ON TIME?”
DAVE WANTED TO KNOW IF HE HAD ARRIVED ON TIME.
INDIRECT SPEECH.
C.- ORDERS:
The most usual verbs to use are: TELL, ORDER, ASK, BEG,
INVITE, WARN.
POSITIVE:
“STOP DRIVING FAST”
Mum ordered me TO STOP DRIVING FAST.
NEGATIVE:
“DON´T TELL ANYBODY”
He begged me NOT TO TELL ANYBODY.
INDIRECT SPEECH.
D.- SUGGESTIONS:
The introductory verb is SUGGEST
“LET´S WATCH THE NEW TV SHOWS”.
Tom suggested THAT WE should WATCH the new TV show.
“LET´S PHONE THE POLICE IMMEDIATELY!”
She suggested PHONING the police immediately.