Pedology
Types and sorts of soil
Profile and horizon of soil
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horizon of soil is a part of profile
with them are deeply wedded types and sorts of soil
earth
A,B,C – horizons of soil
A –horizon with humus
B – parent rock
A
profil
e of
soil
A
B
B
C
C
humus
Types of soil
- influence of elevation above sea-level,
slope grandient, amount of precipitation,
type of parent rock (see last lesson)
Types of soil
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black soil
brown soil
hydromorphic soil
podzol soil
rendzina (limy)
alluvial soil
gleyed soil
yellow soil and terra rossa
Black soil
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high content of humus
and nutrients – one of
most rich soils
plane and warmer areas,
200 – 300 m n. m.
wheat, sugar beet
Hungary, Ukraine
profile of soil:
top of horizon
chernozem
Brown soil
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absence of nutrients, liming is important
slightly warmer and wet areas, slopes
higer influence of elevation than black soil
profile of soil:
Benelux, Czech republic
brown soil
Hydromorphic soil
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contains loesses with clay crystals
300-600 m n. m. in the Czech republic
slightly wet and warmly climate
high richness thanks to fertilization, limeing
Podzol soil
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absence of nutrients and
humus –very poor
quality
acid soils – coniferous
forests
chilly mountain areas
with wet climate
400-1500 m n. m.
small richness
profile of soil:
Rendzina (Limy)
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lime ground
warm and chilly areas
karst areas
development: pasture
profile of soil:
Alluvial soil
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in area of river
nutrients washed – almost
no agronomy
meadows
square
Gleyed soil
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Influenced underground water –
- decoloration
dewatering is necessary for richness
soil
water
Yellow soil and terra rossa
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include Fe and Al
to 10 m
tea-plant,
cotton-plant,
tobacco,
groundnut
profile of soil:
Sorts of soil
-divisoin soils according to granulity
Sorts of soil
Clayey
(Hard)
Loamy (Mediumly hard)
Sandy (Slight)
Stony
Clayey (Hard)
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elements smaller than 0,01 mm
badly permeable to water
Loamy (Mediumly hard)
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optimal for agronomy
highest quality
element from 0,01 – 0,1 mm large
Sandy (Slight)
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permeable to water
element from 0,1 – 0,2 mm large
Stony
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elements bigger than 2 mm
mountains forest soil
stony–more than 2 mm
sandy-0,1 – 0,2 mm
loamy– 0,01 – 0,1 mm
clayey– 0,01 mm
Questions and exercises
What is it?
What is it?
answer
Questions and exercises
What is it?
horizons of
soil
answer
What is it?
profile of
soil
SUDOKU
hydromorp
hic
soil
podzol soil
rendzina
terra rossa
alluvial soil
hydromorp
hic soil
brown soil
podzol soil
alluvial soil
black soil
gleyed soil
yellow soil
yellow soil
alluvial soil
alluvial soil
hydromorp
hic soil
brown soil
black soil
alluvial soil
rendzina
podzol soil
rendzina
black soil
gleyed soil
yellow soil
terra rossa
brown soil
SUDOKU
podzol soil
alluvial soil
yellow soil
rendzina
hydromorphic
soil
gleyed soil
rendzina
black soil
alluvial soil
rendzina
yellow soil
black soil
gleyed soil
yellow soil
alluvial soil
rendzina
brown soil
hydromorp
hic soil
rendzina
podzol soil
terra rossa
rendzina
hydromorphi
c soil
brown soil
podzol soil
podzol soil
podzol soil
gleyed soil
terra rossa
black soil
terra rossa
brown soil
alluvial soil
gleyed soil
yellow soil
terra rossa
yellow soil
terra rossa
brown soil
black soil
black soil
brown soil
hydromorp
hic soil
hydromorphi
c soil
gleyed soil
alluvial soil
terra rossa
yellow soil
alluvial soil
brown soil
podzol soil
hydromor
phic soil
podzol soil
hydromorphic
soil
gleyed soil
rendzina
black soil
brown soil
terra rossa
hydromor
phic soil
yellow soil
alluvial soil
black soil
terra rossa
podzol soil
gleyed soil
rendzina
alluvial
soil
brown soil
hydromorp
hic soil
yellow soil
gleyed soil
black soil
terra rossa
podzol
soil
brown soil
black soil
gleyed soil
alluvial soil
rendzina
yellow soil
Crossword
1.
-
2.
The soil with:
1.
Fe and Al
2.
surplus of water
3.
Fe and Al (logical)
4.
the soil under perent rock is…
5.
„jú“
The soil with:
6. limestone
7. elements from 0,1 – 0,2 mm
8. elements from 0,01 – 0,1 mm
9. liming is important ; less nutrients
10. a lot of nutrients
11. cross-section through soil
12. sour soil
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3.
-
4.
5.
-
6.
7.
-
8.
-
9.
1
0.
-
-
1
1.
1
2.
-
Table
soil type
1.
level of
humus
type of
agriculture
occurrence
high
2.
Fe, Al
3.
by the river
4.
liming
5.
pasturelands
6.
hydromorphic soil
7.
8.
other
300 – 600 m
minimum
Sources:
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Pedology – program GLOBE, association
TEREZA
photo from teacher
notebook from friend at quarte
Kampová Nikola,
Langrová Kateřina
2.A
Gymnázium dr. A. Hrdličky
Humpolec