Cloud Computing,
IaaS and
Availability Management: Any challenges?
Antonio F Gaspar Santos, M.Sc.
IBM & OpenGroup Certified IT Architect
IBM Certified Solution Advisor - Cloud Computing
IBM Client Center - Brazil
agaspar@br.ibm.com
+55-11-2132-2043
Cloud computing, “Deployment Models” and “Service Models”
Application as a Service
Platform as a Service
Infrastructure as a Service
Private
Cloud
Enterprise
Data Center
Managed
Private Cloud
Enterprise
Data Center
Third-party
operated
Hosted
Private Cloud
Enterprise
Enterprises
Public
Cloud Services
Users
Third-party
hosted and
operated
Public
Private
IT capabilities are provided “as a service,” over an
intranet, within the enterprise and behind the
firewall
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Shared Private
Cloud
IT activities / functions are provided
“as a service,” over the Internet
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Now, everything goes to Cloud!
Well, the real world is different…
Standardize
and automate
Virtualize
“Re” Consolidate
Consolidate
 Relative maturity on
virtualization
 High fragmentation
 IT “islands”
 Lack of scalability &
elasticity
 High virtualization
maturity
 IT optimization
 Promote Scalability
 Enable IaaS
 Standardize services
 Reduce deployment
cycles
 Enable Elasticity
 Flexible delivery
Cloud
Virtualization
Traditional
3
Dynamic
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Some challenges...
 Sw licensing
 Portability
 Sizing
 Standardization requirements
 Culture, mind share...
etcCorporation
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The real world of Cloud…
- Large scale failures in the cloud are rare but happens
- Yes! A cloud is a physical data center entity
- Most clouds are shared/multitenant environments: availability issues => high impact
- Application owners are also responsible for the availabilitry and recoverability
- There are many architecture options for Cloud HA: multi-server to multiavailability domains
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Interoperability with Clouds - Far beyond of just network connection
Enterprise Organization
Enterprise Processes
Enterprise Technology
Enterprise
Cloud
App / DB / MW
App / DB / MW
Operating
System
Operating
System
Hypervisor*
Hypervisor
Cloud Organization
Cloud Processes
Cloud Technology
Infrastructure
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Infrastructure
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Service Availability - Challenge1:Transparent service provider to users
Transparent availability for end users. The need to
provide a single point of contact regardless of the
“X”aaS provider
ERP
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Collaborations
HR - Payment
Intranet Applications
“Private Cloud”
Legacy
Applications
Legacy
Traditional IT
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Private Cloud
Enterprise
Premises
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Service Availability - Challenge2: Multi Service Providers and
composed SLAs
Application
Scope
Operating
System &
Middleware
Hypervisor
IaaS
Resolution Targets
Resolution Targets
Resolution/Response
Times
Severity 1
2 Hours
2 Hours
4 Hours*
Severity 2
4 Hours
4 Hours
8 Hours*
Severity 3
X Hours
Y Hours
X+Y Hours*
Function
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“Consolidated SLAs”
“home” support
Infrastructure
(*) Worst case
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Why not apply ITIL for cloud service Management?
Service Management / Availability Management - Conceptualization…
Availability Management
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Incident
Change & Configuration
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Enhancing Cloud HA Management #1 – Enabling Auto restart
MTTR can be reduced due to (re)provisioning of new instances of virtual resources on cloud rather
than performing traditional ticket resolution over a specific virtual resource…
Incident Management optimization by Cloud automation capabilities reduces MTTR!
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Enhancing Cloud HA Management #2 – Enabling Auto Scaling
Auto scaling leverages automation capabilities from cloud computing. It enhances the availability
management based on KPIs measurements (e.g. application response time) due to provisioning IT
resources to a given application…
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Enhancing Cloud HA Management #3 - Communications
Planned outages vs. availability service levels: communication must flow across cloud providers
and cloud consumers
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Understanding Cloud “Availability Domains” (ADs)
An AD spans from a rack to datacenters...
- Define the SLA measurements borders
- AD is an island: runs on its own physically distinct, independent infrastructure, and is engineered to be
highly reliable.
- Usually ADs are physically separate.
- You need to assign a VM instance to one AD, during provisioning.
- By launching instances in separate Availability Domains, you can enhance your application robustness
from failure of a single location.
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Architecture Options for Cloud HA – Single AD
Access Net*
Users
(*) Internet, MPLS…
Load Balancers
App Layer
LB clusters
Multi instances
Clustering
DB Layer
Disk Arrays
Storage
AD1
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Architecture Options for Cloud HA – Multi AD
Access Net
Users
(*) Internet, MPLS…
Load Balancers
Load Balancers
App Layer
App Layer
DB Layer
DB Layer
IP Replication
Storage
Storage
AD1
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AD2
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Cloud HA Management – Checklist for Risk Mitigation
- Proceed a risk assessment for each application
- Specify target service levels (availability, RTO, RPO...)
- Determine who owns the architecture
- Design for failure (start on application architecture)
- Leverage Sw products robustness for HA
- Implement HA (application and infrastructure)
- Document, test and test...
- Explore cloud providers:
- HA capabilities, Availability Domain options, Service Levels, Service
Management interfaces
- Identify “components in the middle” (between you and cloud)
- Understand how to claim SLA penalties
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Cloud HA Management - Best Practices
- Leverage automation as much as possible!
- Optimize/automate SM processes
- Avoid single point of failure
- Possible to replicate accross at least two Availability Domains?
- Provide extra capacity to absorb cloud failures
- Design stateless applications for quick relaunch
- Enable auto-scalling when possible
- Setup proactive monitoring, alerts and operations
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Yes, you can have a Cloud
HA!
© 2012 IBM Corporation
Antonio F Gaspar Santos
IBM Certified Solution Advisor Cloud Computing
IBM Client Center - Brazil
IBM Brazil
Rua Tutóia, 1157 – CEP 04007-900
São Paulo – SP - Brazil
Phone: +55 11 2132 2043
Mobile: +55 11 9 9649 6177
E-mail: agaspar@br.ibm.com
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