MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration Chapter 6 Managing and Administering DNS in Windows Server 2008 Objectives • Describe and install Active Directory Domain Services • Manage your Domain Name System (DNS) environment • Troubleshoot your DNS environment • Manage Windows Internet Name Service • Describe the new features of DNS in Windows Server 2008 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 2 Introduction to Active Directory Domain Services • Active Directory (AD) clients – Use DNS to locate all the resources available on the network • DNS servers you can run in an AD DS environment – Standard DNS servers – AD DS–integrated DNS servers MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 3 Introduction to Active Directory Domain Services (continued) • Activity 6-1: Resetting Network Adapters • Time Required: 15 minutes • Objective: Reset the network adapters on lab servers MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 4 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 5 Using AD DS • AD DS – Microsoft’s implementation of a directory services infrastructure – Stores attributes, or specific information, for objects within a network MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 6 Using AD DS (continued) • Activity 6-2: Installing the AD DS Role on MSNSRV-0XX • Time Required: 10 minutes • Objective: Install the AD DS server role MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 7 Using AD DS (continued) • Activity 6-3: Promoting MSN-SRV-0XX to a DC • Time Required: 40 minutes • Objective: Build the first DC in a domain MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 8 Using AD DS (continued) • Activity 6-4: Reviewing the New DNS Zone Additions • Time Required: 10 minutes • Objective: Review new zones and records created by the AD DS installation process MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 9 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 10 Using AD DS (continued) • Domain controller locator – Runs at logon to provide client with location of a DC that can authenticate its requests • AD domain names – Every AD domain in Windows Server 2008 has a naming convention based on a DNS domain name • DNS requirements for AD – When a DC is added to a domain, SRV and A records are created to allow clients to find a DC during logon MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 11 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 12 AD-Integrated DNS • Benefits of AD DNS – Faster and more efficient replication – Database security – Multimaster support for updates and replication • Administrators can choose one of the following zone replication options for AD DS DNS zones – To all DNS servers in this forest – To all DNS servers in this domain – To all domain controllers in this domain (for Windows 2000 compatibility) MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 13 AD-Integrated DNS (continued) • Activity 6-5: Changing the Zone Replication Settings for bentech.local • Time Required: 10 minutes • Objective: Change replication options for AD DS– integrated zone MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 14 DNS Zone Layout • AD DS site structure – AD DS sites are designed to limit the replication traffic across wide area network (WAN) links • Distribution of an IT department – How your network is administered helps determine the layout for your DNS zones and servers • Forwarding – Types: standard and conditional MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 15 DNS Zone Layout (continued) • Activity 6-6: Delegating a DNS Zone to MSN-SC0XX • Time Required: 20 minutes • Objective: Delegate control of a DNS zone for a subdomain to another server MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 16 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 17 Dynamic DNS • Allows supported DNS clients to dynamically update their DNS records on a DNS server • Allows DNS clients to update their A, AAAA, and PTR records • Deletes records of clients removed from the domain or whose DHCP leases expire • Scavenging – Process within a DNS database that uses time stamps to determine when records can update themselves MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 18 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 19 Dynamic DNS (continued) • DHCP configuration – By default, DHCP is configured to provide dynamic updates to clients that support this feature • DNS configuration – Dynamic updates are configured at the DNS zone level • Secure and nonsecure updates – Secure: Performed only by an authenticated client – Nonsecure: Performed by any client MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 20 Dynamic DNS (continued) • How clients use DNS in an Active Directory environment – Failure to point your client to internal DNS servers can cause problems • DNS Client Group Policy settings – For environments that do not use DHCP or have statically assigned IP addresses, this is a good option for defining DNS suffixes and search orders MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 21 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 22 Dynamic DNS (continued) • Activity 6-7: Changing Group Policy Settings • Time Required: 20 minutes • Objective: Modify Group Policy settings MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 23 Managing DNS • DNS console – Main GUI tool used for configuring DNS – Provides access to all DNS zones available on a server, along with configuration settings for the DNS role • DNS Manager – Allows you to add DNS servers MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 24 Configuration Settings in the DNS Console • DNS server level – Configuration and maintenance tasks you can perform • • • • • Configure a DNS server Create the default application (Directory Partitions) Create a zone Set aging/scavenging for all zones Scavenge stale resource records MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 25 Configuration Settings in the DNS Console (continued) • Activity 6-8: Configuring DNS at the Server Level • Time Required: 15 minutes • Objective: Setting server-level properties MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 26 Configuration Settings in the DNS Console (continued) • DNS zone level – Level where all DNS zones exist • DNS record level – – – – Modifying and deleting records Defining security settings on a DNS record Managing scavenging settings for a record Setting record Time to Live MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 27 Configuration Settings in the DNS Console (continued) • Activity 6-10: Modifying a DNS Record • Time Required: 5 minutes • Objective: Modify properties of a DNS record MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 28 Round-Robin DNS • Allows an administrator to configure load balancing of servers based on DNS name resolution information • DNScmd – Can be used to disable or enable round-robin DNS along with other DNS features MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 29 Round-Robin DNS (continued) • Activity 6-11: Setting Up Round-Robin DNS and Creating Records • Time Required: 15 minutes • Objective: Setting up DNS records for load balancing using round-robin DNS MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 30 Conditional Forwarding • Forwarding based on a specific domain name • Created in their own location under your server in the DNS console MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 31 Conditional Forwarding (continued) • Activity 6-12: Creating a Conditional Forwarder for badgerironman.com • Time Required: 15 minutes • Objective: Create a conditional forwarder in the DNS console MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 32 Conditional Forwarding (continued) • DNScmd – Command-line tool for performing configuration and maintenance tasks on a DNS server – Can be used to: • • • • Create and delete DNS zones Add and delete View information about DNS zones and records Change the zone type MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 33 Conditional Forwarding (continued) • Activity 6-13: Performing Management Tasks with DNScmd • Time Required: 15 minutes • Objective: Managing DNS zones with DNScmd MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 34 Troubleshooting DNS • DNS server logs – Global Logs folder: contains a subset of the event logs relating specifically to DNS called DNS Events – General Tab: DNS Events log file is set to a default size of 16,384 KB – Filter Tab: allows you to modify the view of the DNS Server log for better analysis of events MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 35 Troubleshooting DNS (continued) • Activity 6-14: Modifying the DNS Server Log Size and Retention Value • Time Required: 10 minutes • Objective: Modify the DNS Server log settings for your environment MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 36 Troubleshooting DNS (continued) • Activity 6-15: Modifying the DNS Server Log View • Time Required: 10 minutes • Objective: Modify the DNS Server log view to find the root cause of a network issue MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 37 Command-Line Utilities • Ping – You can ping a server by host name or FQDN • Ipconfig – Commands and switches: ipconfig /all, ipconfig /flushdns, ipconfig /displaydns, ipconfig /registerdns • DCDiag – Allows you to perform diagnostic queries of your DCs • Nslookup – Allows you to perform detailed queries for DNS information from the command line MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 38 Command-Line Utilities (continued) • Nslookup – Noninteractive - allows you to perform a single query from the command line by entering all of the query parameters at once – Interactive - allows you to launch nslookup in a command-line shell where you can define parameters one by one – Used with debug parameter; provides more detailed information MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 39 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 40 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 41 Command-Line Utilities (continued) • Activity 6-16: Using Nslookup in Interactive Mode • Time Required: 15 minutes • Objective: Perform DNS queries with nslookup MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 42 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 43 Command-Line Utilities (continued) • Debug log – Windows Server 2008 allows you to turn on debug logging for a DNS server – Allows you to capture packet data related to the DNS server functionality MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 44 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 45 WINS • Microsoft’s technology for resolving NetBIOS names to IP addresses • Based on two important pieces – The Server service and the Client service • WINS server service – Responsible for maintaining the WINS database and responding to WINS requests • The WINS client service – Responsible for initiating WINS queries, client registration, and name renewal MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 46 WINS (continued) • Activity 6-17: Installing WINS • Time Required: 15 minutes • Objective: Install a WINS server on your network MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 47 WINS (continued) • Activity 6-18: Editing the LMHOSTS File • Time Required: 15 minutes • Objective: Edit a user’s LMHOSTS file MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 48 WINS (continued) • Global name zones (GNZs) – Provide single name–to–IP address resolution by creating CNAME records in a special GNZ – If a GNZ is created, a DNS server looks to the GNZ first and then to WINS MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 49 WINS (continued) • Activity 6-19: Creating the GNZ • Time Required: 15 minutes • Objective: Create the GNZ and associated alias records. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 50 New DNS Features • DNS on Server Core – You can deploy a single or multirole server running DNS and other services • Support for IPv6 – Windows Server 2008 DNS supports the IPv6 address numbering scheme along with the AAAA resource records • Primary Read-Only Zone – Read-only domain controllers (RODCs): contain a copy of the AD DS database and can answer client requests MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 51 New DNS Features (continued) • Activity 6-20: Creating an RODC • Time Required: 20 minutes • Objective: Create an RODC MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 52 New DNS Features (continued) • Link-local multicast name resolution – Clients exchange simple messages to verify that they have a unique name on the local subnet • DNS client changes – Clients periodically perform a check to ensure that they are authenticating with a local DC – Clients use LLMNR to resolve names on a local network segment when a DNS server is not available MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 53 New DNS Features (continued) • Background zone loading – Allows DNS server to handle client requests immediately instead of waiting until the entire DNS zone is loaded • GNZ – Allows you to host computer name–to–IP address resolution records in their Windows Server 2008 DNS zone MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 54 Summary • In an AD DS environment, you can run two types of DNS servers – Standard DNS servers and AD DS DNS–integrated servers • AD DS – Uses DCs to store all the AD objects and information about an environment – Uses a database structure to maintain its objects • AD – Requires DNS for locating DCs, or the DC locator function MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 55 Summary (continued) • Windows Server 2008 DNS implementations support two types of forwarding – Standard and conditional • Dynamic DNS – Allows supported DNS clients to dynamically update their DNS records on a DNS server • DNS console – Main GUI tool used for managing DNS MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 56 Summary (continued) • You can configure DNS at the DNS server, zone, or record level • During forwarding – DNS server sends queries made for DNS zones that do not match its own zone and cache information to another internal or external DNS server • Troubleshoot DNS when – Your clients are having difficulties connecting to applications or resources MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration 57